Respiratory motor activity: influence of neuromodulators and implications for sleep disordered breathing.

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  • Author(s): Horner RL;Horner RL
  • Source:
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology [Can J Physiol Pharmacol] 2007 Jan; Vol. 85 (1), pp. 155-65.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 0372712 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0008-4212 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00084212 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2011- : Ottawa, ON : Canadian Science Publishing
      Original Publication: Ottawa, National Research Council of Canada.
    • Subject Terms:
      Sleep*; Motor Neurons/*metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Respiratory Muscles/*innervation ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/*physiopathology; Animals ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve/metabolism ; Hypoglossal Nerve/physiopathology ; Pharyngeal Muscles/innervation ; Pharyngeal Muscles/physiopathology ; Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/metabolism ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/metabolism ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology ; Tongue/innervation ; Tongue/physiopathology
    • Abstract:
      Sleep, especially rapid-eye-movement sleep, causes fundamental modifications of respiratory muscle activity and control mechanisms, modifications that can predispose individuals to sleep-related breathing disorders. One of the most common of these disorders is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that affects approximately 4% of adults. OSA is caused by repeated episodes of pharyngeal airway obstruction that can occur hundreds of times per night, leading to recurrent asphyxia, arousals from sleep, daytime sleepiness, and adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular consequences. OSA is caused by the effects of sleep on pharyngeal muscle tone in individuals with already narrow upper airways. Moreover, since OSA occurs only in sleep, this disorder by definition is a state-dependent process ultimately caused by the influence of sleep neural mechanisms on the activity of pharyngeal motoneurons. This review synthesizes recent findings relating to control of pharyngeal muscle activity across sleep-wake states, with special emphasis on the influence of neuromodulators acting at the hypoglossal motor nucleus that inervates the genioglossus muscle of the tongue. The results of such basic physiological studies may be relevant to identifying and developing new pharmacological strategies to augment pharyngeal muscle activity in sleep, especially rapid-eye-movement sleep, as potential treatments for OSA.
    • Number of References:
      105
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Neurotransmitter Agents)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20070510 Date Completed: 20070625 Latest Revision: 20070509
    • Publication Date:
      20231215
    • Accession Number:
      10.1139/y06-089
    • Accession Number:
      17487255