Development of a culturally appropriate faces pain intensity scale for Hmong patients.

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    • Subject Terms:
      UNITED States
    • Abstract:
      The article focuses on the development of a culturally appropriate pain intensity scale for Hmong patients, utilizing participatory design sessions to co-design a scale that reflects Hmong cultural expressions of pain. Topics include the characterization of outward expressions of pain intensity among Hmong patients and the creation of a pain intensity scale, known as the Lor Hmong Pain Intensity Scale, addressing their specific needs and cultural perspectives on pain.