Jorge Juan: Mathematician, Seaman, Engineer, Diplomat, and Spy of the Spanish Enlightenment.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the life and accomplishments of Jorge Juan, a Spanish scientist and seaman during the 18th century. Juan played a crucial role in the Spanish-French expedition to South America, where he conducted scientific measurements and observations. He also made significant contributions to the modernization of the Spanish navy, including industrial espionage in England to learn about shipbuilding techniques. Additionally, Juan implemented educational reforms, particularly in the teaching of mathematics and calculus, which had a lasting impact on the education system in Spain. [Extracted from the article]