الجدل النحوي - النشأة والتطور - دراسة تأصيلية. (Arabic)

The grammatical debate- genesis and development – a fundamental study. (English)

It is remarkable for the ancients that the term dialectic did not have limit in their works. Because of the many arguments that took place between grammarians in their debates, dialogues, and disagreements, they lacked the definition of the grammatical debate, and perhaps they may have replaced it by defining dialectic as the science of speech and logic. Not until when Abu al-Barakat al-Anbari (d. 577 AH) came who laid down his principles and laws in his letter (Al-Ighrib fi fi-Dijal al-Arabiya), meaning ‘Strangeness in the polemics of parsing’ to be the first to classify this industry in the laws of controversy and morals. These laws are to be when arguing and debating the through path of truth and righteousness. Also, to be polite upon dialogue, controversies, and quarreling in discourse. Later, it has been developed to be an approach in the study of controversial issues based on discussion and dialogue, conducted by a grammarian with a real or supposed opponent, grammatical or non-grammatical (linguistic or nonlinguistic), whose aim is to defend his thesis and convince the opponent. Each of them presents his point of view on the issue, reviewing his evidence on which he relies, and the objections he sees to the evidence of his opponent, and responding to the objections that the justified makes to his evidence. The grammatical controversy appears in three forms: the first is that it is purely scientific. The second is that in which science is mixed with nervousness. As for the third, it is based mainly on conflict and strife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

من اللافت للنظر عند القدماء أنه لم يكن لمصطلح الجدل عندهم حد ولا تنظير له في مصنفاتهم، فعلى كثرة الجدال الذي دار بين النحاة في مناظراتهم ومحاوراتهم ومخالفاتهم، انعدم عندهم التعريف بالجدل النحوي، وربّما استعاضوا عنه بتعريف الجدل بعلم الكلام والمنطق. حتّى إذا جاء أبو البركات الأنباري (ت٥٥٧٧) فوضع أصوله وقوانينه في رسالته (الإغراب في جدل الإعراب)، ليكون أوّل ما صنف لهذه الصناعة في قوانين الجدل والآداب، ليسلكوا به عند المجادلة والمحاولة والمناظرة سبيل الحق والصواب، ويتأدبوا به عند المحاورة والمذاكرة عند المناكرة والمضاجرة في الخطاب. ليتطور فيما بعد فيغدو منهجاً في دراسة المسائل الخلافية يقوم على النقاش والحوار الذي يديره نحوي مع مخالف حقيقي أو مفترض، نحوي أو غير نحوي (لغوي أو غيره)، غايته الدفاع عن أطروحته، وإقناع المخالف له، بحيث يعرض كل منهما وجهة نظره في المسألة، مستعرضًا أدلته التي يستند إليها، واعتراضاته التي يراها على أدلّة خصمه، ومجيبًا على ما يقيمه المعلل من اعتراضات على أدلته. وقد تمظهر الجدل النحوي في ثلاث صور؛ الأولى التي يكون فيها علميًا محضًا. والثانية: هي التي اختلط فيها العلم بالعصبية. أما الثالثة : فهي التي قامت أساسا على النزاع والخصام. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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