Energy Sustainability Based on the Implementation of Renewable Energies in Pig Farms: Case Granja "El Guayabal".

Sostenibilidad energética basada en la implementación de energías renovables en centros porcinos: caso Granja "El Guayabal".

RENEWABLE energy sources; SWINE; SWINE farms; ENERGY consumption; ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis; SUSTAINABILITY; ELECTRIC power consumption

Con el objetivo de establecer los fundamentos que posibiliten determinar la sostenibilidad energética basada en la implementación de Fuentes Renovables de Energía (FRE) en el centro porcino de la granja "El Guayabal", se realizó la investigación. Se consideraron aspectos como: características del escenario productivo, datos meteorológicos del lugar, demanda de energía y posibles aplicaciones tecnológicas basadas en el uso de las FRE a partir de las cuales se elaboró el diseño de un sistema híbrido con la implementación de estas tecnologías. En el mismo se trabajó el manejo de la biomasa (biogás), energía solar térmica (calentadores solares) y solar fotovoltaica (paneles fotovoltaicos). Se determinó que con la energía eléctrica producida al utilizar biogás, se cubre la demanda de electricidad en 64,84%. El resto de la demanda de electricidad es posible cubrirla con el uso de la energía solar fotovoltaica y solar térmica (20,96 y 14,20%, respectivamente). Al realizar el análisis del impacto ambiental, se evidencia que se deja de emitir a la atmósfera 9,41 Teq de CO2/año, 7,95 m³/día de metano, y de consumir 4,11 Teq de petróleo/año, además es posible producir 0,13 m³/día de biofertilizantes. Se concluye que la propuesta constituye una alternativa para minimizar los daños al medio ambiente, ahorrar energía convencional, disminuir costos por concepto de electricidad y obtener biofertilizantes que pueden ser comercializados y utilizados en diferentes cultivos, además mejora el esquema energético convencional aprovechándose las FRE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out with the objective of establishing the foundations to determine energy sustainability based on the implementation of Renewable Energy Sources (FRE) in the pig center of "El Guayabal" farm. Aspects such as characteristics of the productive scenario, meteorological data of the place, energy demand and possible technological applications based on the use of the FRE were considered, from which the design of a hybrid system with the implementation of these technologies was elaborated. In it, the management of biomass (biogas), solar thermal energy (solar heaters) and solar photovoltaic (photovoltaic panels) was worked on. It was determined that with the electrical energy produced by using biogas, the demand for electricity is covered by 64.84%. The rest of the electricity demand can be covered with the use of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal energy (20.96 and 14.20%, respectively). When carrying out the analysis of the environmental impact, it was evident that the proposed energy system prevents the emission of 9.41 Teq of CO2/ year, 7.95 m³/day of methane into the atmosphere, and the consumption of 4.11 Teq of oil/year. It is also possible to produce 0.13 m³/day of biofertilizers. It is concluded that the proposal constitutes an alternative to minimize damages to the environment, save conventional energy, reduce costs for electricity and obtain biofertilizers that can be marketed and used in different crops; it also improves the conventional energy scheme taking advantage of the FRE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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