Beyond the hockey stick.

HOCKEY; MERIDIONAL overturning circulation; EL Nino; EXPLOSIVE volcanic eruptions; CLIMATE change; ICE sheet thawing; VOLCANIC eruptions

When we examine climate proxy data spanning the Common Era, however, we fi nd that these estimates may be missing a few tenths of a degree's worth of early human-caused warming from the mid-19th century. Reconstructions of past El Niño behavior based on climate proxy data bear out a controversial hypothesis linking explosive tropical volcanic eruptions and historical El Niño events. The hockey stick emphasizes the relative stability of the global climate over the common era - and how rapidly we are leaving this era of climate stability. [Extracted from the article]

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