A critical study of moral values in the theory of humanism and religious thought. (English)

Humanism, as a modern school of thought, has been able to be a foundation for moral values. However, it is basically different from religious thinking. Moral values can be divided into basic values and secondary values. Perfection, freedom, and justice are the three basic values that play a significant role in the understanding of all other moral values. The principle of perfection in the humanistic view is limited to the worldly perfection, and this is what determines the principle of freedom and its scope. There are essential differences between the theories of justice in the humanistic thinking; for it is concerned, in general, with one element, or a few specific elements in social relations. As for the religious view that we mean and focus on in this study, it is the Islamic view, as it offers a complete and comprehensive view about the principle of perfection. Therefore, the principle of freedom includes a wide variety of permissible freedoms, and prevents a much more damages and dangers. The principle of justice in Islam also observes the following elements and more others: 1- The system of human purposes. 2- the officials who carry out Justice. 3- Individual and social requirements. 4- Social relations. 5- Available talents. 6- Individual capabilities and capacities. 7- lawful methods of transfer of ownership, possession and dispossession. 8- The role of power and politics. In this article, we have followed the analytical descriptive approach, when discussing the three general values in a comparative study between religious thought and the humanistic school of thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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