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Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-Term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19.
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- Author(s): Shabani, Zahra; Liu, Jialing; Su, Hua
- Source:
Biology (2079-7737); Aug2023, Vol. 12 Issue 8, p1106, 16p- Subject Terms:
- Source:
- Additional Information
- Abstract: Simple Summary: Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the upper respiratory system and the lungs, it can also affect vasculature, leading to the impairment of endothelial and multi-organ function. SARS-CoV-2 can trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to disruption of tight junction proteins between endothelial cells and impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This process further allows the infiltration of immune cells and other particles into the brain, worsening brain injury. Prolonged neuro-inflammation and disruption of the BBB have been postulated as the potential primary causes of both acute and chronic cognitive dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. This review explores the effects of COVID-19 on vascular dysfunction and consequent cognitive impairment in patients. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA virus and a member of the corona virus family, primarily affecting the upper respiratory system and the lungs. Like many other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 can spread to other organ systems. Apart from causing diarrhea, another very common but debilitating complication caused by SARS-CoV-2 is neurological symptoms and cognitive difficulties, which occur in up to two thirds of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and range from shortness of concentration and overall declined cognitive speed to executive or memory function impairment. Neuro-cognitive dysfunction and "brain fog" are frequently present in COVID-19 cases, which can last several months after the infection, leading to disruption of daily life. Cumulative evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 affects vasculature in the extra-pulmonary systems directly or indirectly, leading to impairment of endothelial function and even multi-organ damage. The post COVID-19 long-lasting neurocognitive impairments have not been studied fully and their underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on vascular dysfunction and how vascular dysfunction leads to cognitive impairment in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of Biology (2079-7737) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Abstract:
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