草甘膦与新型原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂 X18002 复配减量应用研究. (Chinese)

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    • Alternate Title:
      Study on usage reduction of glyphosate mixed with a novel protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor-X18002. (English)
    • Abstract:
      In order to reduce the usage of glyphosate, delay the growth of glyphosate-resistant weeds, and expand the weed control spectrum of glyphosate, the effect of temperature, light and simulated rainfall on herbicidal activity, and the absorption and conductivity of glyphosate and X18002[compound name was ethyl 3-(2-chloro-5-(3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-4-thioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl)-4-fluorophenyl)-5- methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate] were studied by indoor bioassays. Mixture proportion screening tests and tank-mix field trials were carried out after investigating the difference between glyphosate and X18002 and the necessity of a mixture. The result showed that the fresh-weight inhibition rate of X18002 (37.50 g a.i/hm² ) and glyphosate (600.0 g a.i/hm² ) against Portulaca oleracea L. and Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. under high (30-35 ℃) and medium (20-25 ℃) temperatures were 83.48%-100.0%, significantly higher than those under the low temperature (10-15 ℃). The herbicidal activity was significantly reduced under low temperature. The fresh-weight inhibition rates of X18002 (37.50 g a.i/hm2 ) were 16.03%-95.46% and 2.24%-85.04%, significantly increased with the increase of illuminance within the range of 0-22 000 lx. X18002 was proved to be light-demanding herbicide, while glyphosate was proved to be a light-independent herbicide. X18002 had stable herbicide activity with no significant decrease of fresh-weight inhibition rate between simulated rainfall after 0.5 h of application, which was 100.0% and 81.76%-87.62% to P. oleracea and E. indica, and unsimulated rainfall with a dose of 37.50 g a.i/hm² . Glyphosate had a weak rainfastness with a significant decrease in inhibition rate when simulated rainfall within 0.5-8 h of application compared to unsimulated rainfall with a dose of 600.0 g a.i/hm² . The absorption and conductivity tests showed that both two compounds could be absorbed by the root, stem, and leaf of Abutilon theophrasti Medic.. Compared to X18002, which only had acropetal translocation capability, glyphosate had the ability of acropetal and basipetal translocation. The proportions of mixture which showed the synergistic effect on Erigeron canadensis L., E. indica and Cyperus iria L. were 1 : 10 and 1 : 20. The result of the field trials showed that total control effect of X18002 + glyphosate tank-mix at 45.0 + 450.0 g a.i./hm² dosage on Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., E. canadensis, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. and C. iria were better than or equivalent to glyphosate at 1200.0 g a.i./hm² treatment. The usage of glyphosate could reduce to 750.0 g a.i./hm² . Meanwhile, X18002 + glyphosate tank-mix at 45.0 + 450.0 g a.i./hm² treatment had a faster action than glyphosate and a longer lasting effective period than X18002. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
    • Abstract:
      为降低草甘膦用量,减缓抗性杂草产生,扩大其杀草谱,采用室内生物测定法,研究 了温度、光照及模拟降雨等环境因子对草甘膦和新型 PPO 抑制剂 X18002 [ 化学名称:3-(2-氯5-(3,5-二甲基-2,6-二氧代-4-硫代-1,3,5-三嗪-1-基)-4-乙基-氟苯基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢异噁唑-5-羧酸 酯 ] 除草活性的影响,同时研究了 2 种药剂在杂草体内的吸收传导性,比较两种药剂的差异性 并探究其复配的必要性,通过复配配比筛选试验确定最优配比后开展混配田间试验,明确使用 剂量和应用技术. 结果表明:在高 (30~35 ℃)、中 (20~25 ℃) 温条件下,草甘膦 (有效剂量 600.0 g/hm² ) 和 X18002 (有效剂量 37.50 g/hm² ) 对马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea L. 和牛筋草 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. 的鲜重抑制率在 83.48%~100.0% 之间,显著高于其在低温 (10~15 ℃) 条件下 的鲜重抑制率. 在照度 0~22 000 lx 范围内,X18002 在 37.50 g/hm2 下对马齿苋和牛筋草的鲜重 抑制率分别为 16.03%~95.46% 和 2.24%~85.04%,均随照度升高而显著增大,属于需光型除草 剂;而草甘膦在 600.0 g/hm² 下对马齿苋和牛筋草的鲜重抑制率随照度的升高差异不显著,属于 非需光型除草剂. 施用 X18002 (37.50 g/hm2 ) 后 0.5~8 h 内进行模拟降雨,其对马齿苋和牛筋草 的鲜重抑制率分别为 100.0% 和 81.76%~87.62%,均与未降雨处理之间无显著差异,表明 X18002 具有良好的耐雨水冲刷能力;而施用草甘膦 (600.0 g/hm² ) 后 0.5~8 h 内模拟降雨,其对 马齿苋和牛筋草的鲜重抑制率均显著低于未模拟降雨处理,表明草甘膦的耐雨水冲刷能力较 弱. 吸收传导性试验表明,2 种药剂均可被苘麻 Abutilon theophrasti Medic. 的根、茎、叶吸 收,但相较于 X18002 只具有向上传导能力,草甘膦则具有向上和向下双向传导能力. 复配配 比筛选试验表明,X18002 与草甘膦分别按质量比 1 : 10 和 1 : 20 复配,其对 3 种供试杂草小飞 蓬 Erigeron canadensis L.、牛筋草 E. indica 和碎米莎草 Cyperus iria L. 均表现出增效作用. 田 间试验结果表明,X18002 + 草甘膦按有效剂量为 45.0 + 450.0 g/hm² 混配处理后对空心莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.、小飞蓬 E. canadensis 、狗尾草 Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.和碎米莎草 C. iria 等杂草的总防效均优于草甘膦单剂 1200.0 g/hm2 处理或与之相当,可 实现草甘膦减量 750.0 g/hm2,且该混配处理速效性优于草甘膦,持效期优于 X18002. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
    • Abstract:
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