La preeclampsia. La patología gestacional que mata 63.000 gestantes al año. (Spanish)

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication affecting 2-8% of pregnant women in Spain and represents a significant cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving placental abnormalities, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, immune activation, and oxidative stress. The management of preeclampsia includes maternalfetal monitoring, blood pressure control, administration of corticosteroids and anticonvulsants, and induction of labor or cesarean section depending on severity and stage of pregnancy. Although it cannot be completely prevented, prenatal care, weight control, diet and exercise, calcium and folic acid supplements, aspirin in specific cases, control of pre-existing diseases, and avoidance of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs can help reduce risk and manage pregnancy. The specialized nurse in obstetrics and gynecology plays a key role in screening, management, and reducing maternal and fetal mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La preeclampsia es una complicación del embarazo que afecta al 2-8% de las mujeres embarazadas en España y representa una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal. Su fisiopatología es compleja, involucrando anomalías placentarias, disfunción endotelial, inflamación, activación inmunológica y estrés oxidativo. El manejo de la preeclampsia incluye monitoreo materno-fetal, control de la presión arterial, administración de corticosteroides y anticonvulsivos, e inducción del parto o cesárea según la severidad y etapa del embarazo. Aunque no se puede prevenir por completo, la asistencia prenatal, control de peso, dieta y ejercicio, suplementos de calcio y ácido fólico, aspirina en casos específicos, control de enfermedades preexistentes y evitar el tabaco, alcohol y drogas pueden ayudar a reducir el riesgo y manejar el embarazo. La enfermera especialista en obstetricia y ginecología juega un papel clave en el screening, manejo y disminución de la morbimortalidad materna y fetal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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