Declined focal length projection in air-gap difocal electromagnetic lenses.

Dual projection of an air-gap electromagnetic lens is constructed with a single coil and symmetric 4 poles. As the projected focal lens length has been minimized to the least where full analysis and enlargement is attained through minimizing the width of air gap and the diameter of axial aperture. After that, the single-coil was splatted into 2 coils of turns equal number and size, and it was detected that the projective characteristics were similar in comparison to the lens containing of 1 or 2 coils. Furthermore, the spiral and radial distortion coefficients were treated at the projected focal length smallest value through utilizing a dual air gap lens and through making the passing current via the 2 coils in directions being opposite that will cause to such lens obtaining the best formed image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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