Sublethal effects of botanicals on the growth and development of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The present study aimed to ascertain the sublethal effects of azadirachtin 1 EC, anosom 1 EC, derisom 2 EC and NSKE 5% on biological parameters and nutritional indices of Spodoptera frugiperda. The longest larval and pupal lengths were observed in all the treatments involving botanicals, which also significantly decreased adult longevity, fecundity and egg hatchability. Regarding nutritional indices, larvae treated with anosom recorded the least approximate digestibility index, efficiency of conversion of digested food and efficiency of conversion of ingested food of 64.7%, 13.2% and 8.4% respectively. Additionally, botanicals increased the percentage of defective and malformed adults. Thus, our findings suggest that these botanicals restrain the pests from causing damage and impede their further generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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