Keskkonnakaitse autoritaarsetes ühiskondades. (Estonian)

Environmental Protection in Authoritarian Societies. (English)

GUATEMALA; ESTONIA

This article examines the environmental relations of authoritarian governments by exploring case studies left and right, in communist Estonia, Hungary as well as in Central-, and Latin America via the juntas of Guatemala and Chile. Environmental pollution had been growing throughout the twentieth century with a particular global rise after world war two. Environmental issues included air-, water-, and soil pollution which were often related to agricultural-, and industrial production as well as urbanization, and adjacent infrastructures. The booming consumer lifestyle took its toll by opening the waste stream, first in North America, and Europe and in the past decades in Asia, Latin American and other regions of the world. The purpose of the article is to explain some of the key factors of the environmental crisis by exploring discourses and responses to the multifaceted environmental problems which involved very different environments, resources, and stakeholders within different political-, and cultural settings, having in common perhaps only one feature: the situatedness of authoritarian political systems. Thus, this article puts environmental struggles of isolated case studies in Estonia, Hungary, Guatemala, Chile in a wider context, and aims to answer the question: how and why authoritarian regimes used similar and different technologies, strategies and propaganda to promote a more circular use of natural resources, and this limiting environmental harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teesid: Artikkel käsitleb riigi sekkumist keskkonnaprobleemidesse autoritaarse riigikorraga riikides, tuues võrdluseks ka näiteid liberaalsetest demokraatiatest 20. sajandi teisel poolel. Keskkonnast kõnelemisel ökoloogiliste argumentide asemel majanduslikele kaalutlustele rõhumine on võte, mida on kasutatud mõlemal pool nn raudset eesriiet. Üksiknäidetena käsitleb artikkel Reini jõe reostust Lääne- Saksamaal, Ladina-Ameerikast Guatemala ja Tšiili juhtumeid, kus eri argumentide toel on autoritaarsed võimud olnud huvitatud džunglite muutmisest keelualadeks. Keskkonna kahjustamist tarbimise kaudu esindab Tallinna Limonaaditehase juhtum. Sotsialistliku Ungari näitel analüüsitakse moodsate reoveepuhastussüsteemide ehitust ning nende rakendamist propagandavankri ette. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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