Complex environmental and construction technical expertise.

The article indicates the main directions of research carried out within the framework of the production of a comprehensive forensic environmental and construction-technical expertise. The specified expertise is considered as a means of proof in criminal, civil and arbitration cases related to harm to human health and the environment as a result of illegal actions committed during the construction and operation of construction facilities. The authors describe in detail the areas of research in which knowledgeable persons in the field of construction and ecology are involved. To organize the set of studies, classifications of solved forensic tasks are given, formed on two grounds: the chronological orientation of research, as well as their types. In accordance with the first basis, retrospective (directed to the past), actualistic (considering the object of expert research in the current period of time) and prognostic (determining possible changes in the characteristics of the object in the future) studies are presented. Among the most common in forensic practice, the authors include such types of research as existential (establishing the existence of an object); identification (establishing the identity of an object by its display both at the current moment and in retrospect; establishing the belonging of a construction object to a particular complex of objects; as well as determining a single source of origin); diagnostic (establishing the state of the object); situational (represented by two types: circumstantial – that is, the establishment of the relative location of objects relative to each other, and event-based – the expert considers an event of importance to the case, in its dynamics, the sequence and nature of individual stages of such an event is considered); normative-technical (determining the fact of compliance of the actions of persons or characteristics of a material object with a particular rule, norm); classification (aimed at establishing the belonging of an object to a particular genus, species, class); as well as other tasks that are important for the case and determine the effectiveness of the investigation of criminal violations in the field of ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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