Polar opposites: Navies face different challenges in Arctic and Antarctic.

MARITIME security; POLAR exploration; THREATS; POWER resources; CHINA-Russia relations

The article focuses on the maritime security challenges faced by the world's polar regions. Topics include it discusses the operational requirements and security threats in the Arctic and Antarctic; the collective interests of the U.K.-led Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF) in addressing these challenges; and possibility of energy cooperation between China and Russia.