鱼类卵子质量研究及其关键科学问题. (Chinese)

RESEARCH PROGRESS AND SEVERAL KEY SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS IN STUDIES OF FISH EGG QUALITY. (English)

Egg quality is a complex biological characteristic, which determines the reproductive capacity of females. Fish egg quality refers to the fertilizing ability of eggs and the ability to support the normal development of embryos and larvae. It is directly related to the formation of fertilized eggs, the early development of embryos, and the survival and development of larvae and juvenile fish. It is the key-link that determines the success of fish breeding and breeding efficiency. It is an important prerequisite for the development of aquaculture industry to evaluate egg quality objectively and accurately, to improve egg quality and to obtain a large number of mature eggs with high quality. In theory, fish egg quality is determined by all deposited maternal materials and their spatial and temporal distribution patterns in the egg. In this paper, the research status of fish oogenesis, maturation and the evaluation criteria of egg quality are summarized. In addition, the regulation of egg quality by maternal factors based on zebrafish model is highlighted. Finally, the key scientific questions involved in fish oocyte quality that need to be studied and solved are proposed, i.e., the main biological events that determine and are affected by egg quality, including oogonia-to-oocyte transition, oocyte-to-egg transition, egg-to-embryo transition, embryo-to-larval transition, and larval-to-juvenile transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

卵子质量(卵质)是一种复杂的生物学特性, 是决定雌性动物生殖能力的主要因素。鱼类卵质通常指卵 子的受精能力及支持胚胎正常发育的能力, 它直接关系到受精卵的形成、胚胎的早期发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的 成活与生长, 是决定鱼类繁育成功和养殖效率的首要环节。对卵质进行客观而准确的评估, 提升卵子质量, 以 获得大量高质量的成熟卵, 是水产种业和养殖业发展的重要前提。理论上, 鱼类的卵质由卵子中所储存的所 有母源物质的集合及其时空分布格局所共同决定。文章综述了鱼类卵子的发生和成熟及鱼类卵质评估标准 的研究现状, 重点评述了以斑马鱼为模型所开展的母源因子对卵子质量的调控研究。最后, 提出了鱼类卵质 研究中亟待研究和解决的重要科学问题, 即需要重点研究卵原细胞-卵母细胞转换、卵母细胞-卵子转换、卵-胚转换、胚胎-仔鱼转换、仔-稚鱼转换等决定卵质和受到卵质影响的关键生物学事件. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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