Anatomical characteristics, phytochemical content and biological activities from the tubers extract of Dioscorea alata L. (English)

The present research aimed to determine the characteristics of leaf anatomy and starch granules, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total anthocyanin contents, antioxidant activity, and α-amylase inhibition activity of D. alata tuber ethanolic extract. A microscope was used to examine the microscopic structure of tissue from D. alata fresh leaves and traditional medicine powder. The results showed that the shapes of the epidermal cells are polygonal, anomocytic stomatal type. The yam starch granules were spade-shaped with a truncated and smooth surface in the parenchyma tissue. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents of crude tuber extract were 310.30 ± 0.39 mgGAE.g^-1, 323.05 ± 3.92 mgQE.g^-1 and 10.26 ± 1.34 µg/ml of extract, respectively. The antioxidant screening activity using DPPH radical scavenging assay is represented by a half maximal effective concentration IC50 value of 4.90 ± 2.50 mg/ml. While the extract showed the strongest capability to reduce Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ with reduction activity at 61.27 ± 5.02 mMFeSO4/g of extract, and α-amylase inhibition activity was measured using the enzyme activity of acarbose as a standard inhibitor, IC50 of 1.25 ± 6.32 mg/ml. The results of this study are very useful in the quality control of herbs and provide important information to support the use of medicinal plants and functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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