不同来源生物质炭对水稻镉锌吸收积累的影响. (Chinese)

Effects of different biochar types on Cd and Zn uptake and accumulation by rice. (English)

In order to screen biochars with good stabilizing capacity to soil Cd, a field experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of addition of different types of biochar, namely maize straw biochar（MSBC）, rice straw biochar（RSBC）, rice husk biochar（RHBC）, peanut husk biochar（PHBC）, cooking waste biochar（CWBC）, and wheat straw biochar（WSBC）, into soil on Cd and Zn uptake, translocation and accumulation in two rice varieties, including the hybrid cultivar‘Zheyou 18’（ZY-18）and the conventional cultivar‘Zhegeng 96’（ZG96）. The Cd content of ZY-18 was significantly higher than that of ZG-96, while the Zn content showed an opposite trend. The Cd/Zn ratio of ZY-18 was significantly higher than that of ZG-96. Biochar addition significantly reduced the Cd content of rice grains（29%-56%）in ZY-18 compared with control（no biochar addition）, with the greatest decrease recorded in the RSBC treatment. MSBC and WSBC addition decreased the Zn content of rice grains in ZY-18 grains by 18% and 16%, respectively. All biochar treatments, except WSBC, decreased the Cd/Zn ratio of rice grains by 28%-51% in ZY-18. There was no significant effects of biochar on Cd, Zn contents and the Cd/Zn ratio in grains of ZG-96. The Cd content of rice grains was significantly correlated with the root-to-shoot translocation factor of Cd（TFS/R-Cd）, while the Zn content of rice grains significantly correlated with the shoot-to-grain translocation factor of Zn（TFG/S-Zn）. The TFS/R-Cd of ZY-18 was 1.8-2.9 times that of ZG-96, while the TFG/S-Zn of the latter was 1.6-2.3 times that of the former. The TFS/R-Cd of ZY-18 decreased by 33% - 40%, but the TFG/S-Zn of ZG-96 increased by 38% - 57% following biochar addition. Soil available Cd and Zn decreased by respectively 38% -91% and 53% -96%, soil pH increased by 0.4-1.6 units, and soil organic matter content increased by 26% - 65% following biochar addition. Moreover, the contents of soil total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus increased at varying degrees following biochar addition. Overall, the uptake and translocation of Cd and Zn differed across the cultivars, and their responses to biochar were also different. Biochar application significantly improved soil pH, organic matter content, and nutrient levels but reduced soil Cd availability, and thereby decreased the uptake and translocation of Cd and the Cd/Zn ratio of rice grains in ZY-18, with the best effects recorded under the RSBC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

为了筛选对土壤中镉（Cd）钝化效果好的生物质炭种类，通过田间试验研究了玉米秸秆炭（MSBC）、水稻秸秆炭（RSBC）、稻壳 炭（RHBC）、花生壳炭（PHBC）、厨余垃圾炭（CWBC）及小麦秸秆炭（WSBC）对杂交稻浙优18（ZY-18）和常规稻浙粳96（ZG-96）吸收、 转运和积累Cd、Zn的影响。结果表明：ZY-18籽粒Cd含量显著高于ZG-96，而Zn含量则相反，前者Cd/Zn比显著高于后者。与对照 相比，不同生物质炭均降低了ZY-18籽粒中Cd的含量，降幅在29%~56%之间，其中RSBC处理降幅最高；MSBC和WSBC处理ZY-18 籽粒中Zn含量分别降低了18%和16%；除WSBC处理外，各生物质炭处理均降低了ZY-18籽粒Cd/Zn比，降幅在28%~51%之间；各 施炭处理对ZG-96籽粒Cd、Zn含量及Cd/Zn均无显著影响。水稻籽粒中Cd含量与Cd的根-茎转运系数（TFS/R-Cd）显著相关，Zn含 量则与Zn的茎-籽粒转运系数（TFG/S-Zn）显著相关；ZY-18的TFS/R-Cd是ZG-96的1.8~2.9倍，而后者的TFG/S-Zn是前者的1.6~2.3 倍；施炭处理ZY-18的TFS/R-Cd降低了33%~40%，ZG-96的TFG/S-Zn则增加了38%~57%。施炭处理土壤有效态Cd和Zn分别降低 了38%~91%和53%~96%，pH值提高了0.4~1.6个单位，有机质增加了26%~65%，全氮、碱解氮、全磷及有效磷也有不同程度的增加。 研究表明，不同品种水稻对Cd、Zn的吸收和转运存在差异，对生物质炭的响应也有所不同；施用生物质炭可显著提高酸性土壤的pH 值、有机质及养分含量，降低土壤Cd有效性及特定水稻品种对Cd的吸收、转运和籽粒Cd/Zn比，其中RSBC效果最佳。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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