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The Impact of COVID-19 Traumatic Stressors on Mental Health: Is COVID-19 a New Trauma Type.
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- Author(s): Kira, Ibrahim A.1 (AUTHOR) ; Shuwiekh, Hanaa A.M.2 (AUTHOR); Ashby, Jeffrey S.3 (AUTHOR); Elwakeel, Sayed Ahmed2 (AUTHOR); Alhuwailah, Amthal4 (AUTHOR); Sous, Mariam Sous Fahmy5 (AUTHOR); Baali, Shadia Bint Ali6 (AUTHOR); Azdaou, Chafika7 (AUTHOR); Oliemat, Enas. M.8 (AUTHOR); Jamil, Hikmet J.9 (AUTHOR)
- Source:
International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction. Feb2023, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p51-70. 20p.- Subject Terms:
- Source:
- Additional Information
- Abstract: COVID-19 is a new type of trauma that has never been conceptually or empirically analyzed in our discipline. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 as traumatic stress on mental health after controlling for individuals' previous stressors and traumas. We utilized a sample of (N = 1374) adults from seven Arab countries. We used an anonymous online questionnaire that included measures for COVID-19 traumatic stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and cumulative stressors and traumas. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression, with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety as dependent variables. In the first step, in each analysis, we entered the country, gender, age, religion, education, and income as independent variables (Kira, Traumatology 7(2):73–86, 2001; Kira, Torture, 14:38–44, 2004; Kira, Traumatology, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000305). In the second step, we entered cumulative stressors and traumas as an independent variable. In the third step, we entered either COVID-19 traumatic stressors or one of its subtypes (fears of infection, economic, and lockdown) as an independent variable. Finally, we conducted structural equation modeling with PTSD, depression, and anxiety as predictors of the latent variable mental health and COVID-19 as the independent variable. Results indicated that COVID-19 traumatic stressors, and each of its three subtypes, were unique predictors of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Thus, COVID-19 is a new type of traumatic stress that has serious mental health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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