Teorijske postavke o poremećajima autističnog spektra. (Croatian)

Theoretical Assumptions about Autism Spectrum Disorders. (English)

In this work, the theoretical assumptions of autistic spectrum disorders are presented, in order to define and clarify autistic spectrum disorders, as well as their specificities and differences, so as not to cause confusion in terminology. Emphasis is also placed on the etiology and prevalence of autistic disorders, and the characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders. Impairments in the area of reciprocal social interactions and communication patterns, as well as a limited, stereotyped and repetitive repertoire of behavior, interests and activities, characterize autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Autistic spectrum disorders have been found to have a strong neurodevelopmental component, where as they were previously thought to be caused by external factors. Considering this population, its prevalence, given that the number of cases is growing dramatically, is becoming one of the most controversial topics. People with an autistic spectrum disorder are usually divided into low-functioning and high-functioning, between which there are significant differences in the natural course and outcome of the autistic disorder, etiological factors, characteristics and effectiveness of certain forms of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U ovom radu predstavljene su teorijske postavke o poremećajima autističnog spektra, s ciljem da se definišu i razjasne poremćaji autističnog spektra, te njihove specifičnosti i različitosti kako ne bi došlo do zabune u terminologiji. Također, stavljen je akcenat na etiologiju i prevalencu autističnih poremećaja i karakteristike djece s poremećajima autističnog spektra. Oštećenja u oblasti recipročnih socijalnih interakcija i obrazaca komunikacije, kao i ograničen, stereotipan i repetitivan repertoar ponašanja, interesovanja i aktivnosti karakterišu autizam kao neurorazvojni poremećaj. Utvrđeno je da poremećaji autističnog spektra imaju snažnu neurorazvojnu komponentu, dok se ranije smatralo da su uzrokovani vanjskim faktorima. Jedna od najkontroverznijih tema sa obzirom na ovu populaciju jeste njegova prevalenca s obzirom na to da broj slučajeva dramatično raste. Osobe s poremećajem autističnog spektra obično se dijele na niskofunkcionalne i visokofunkcionalne, između kojih postoje značajne razlike u prirodnom toku i ishodu autističnog poremećaja, etiološkim činiocima, karakteristikama i efikasnosti pojedinih oblika tretmana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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