Olas de antifeminismo en España en la Segunda República, la Guerra Civil y la dictadura de Franco. (Spanish)

Waves of antifeminism in Spain in the Second Republic, Civil War, Franco's dictatorship. (English)

From the recent investigations, the main target of this article is to explain the leading features of the gender discourse, built both by the intellectuals such as by the conservatives, traditionalists and confessional Spanish political cultures, during the first three decades of the twentieth century. This mentioned discourse was inserted in the profound political, social and cultural changes that were in course of implantation those years, both in Spain and in the countries of their geographical environment. With that discourse a wide range of liberal, anti-liberal, Catholics or traditionalist thinkers and politicians were seeking answers to the unrest which the movements and social practices perceived as threats to the virile superiority, or to the validity of the manliness values, produced to all them. Both the Spanish conservatives as the Rights in general showed clear affinities in their efforts toward the discursive construction of women. The main theorists of the traditionalism, the monarchism and the fascism created a gender discourse and a symbolic reconstruction of the values of masculinity and femininity that were forged in the reactionary and anti-liberal ideologies of the nineteenth century, as in the new currents of illiberal thought that emerged from the beginnings of the 20^th. In the following years, the above mentioned gender discourse would be assimilated by the Franco's dictatorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A partir de las recientes investigaciones, este artículo se propone dar a conocer el discurso de género construido por los intelectuales y las culturas políticas conservadoras, tradicionalistas y confesionales españolas en las tres primeras décadas del siglo xx. Aquel discurso se insertó en las profundas transformaciones políticas, sociales y culturales que se estaban registrando en aquellos años, tanto en España como en los países de su entorno. Con ese discurso, escritores, políticos y pensadores liberales, antiliberales, tradicionalistas y católicos buscaban respuestas al desasosiego que les producían aquellos movimientos y prácticas sociales que eran percibidos como amenazas a la superioridad viril, a la vigencia de los valores supuestamente masculinos, y a la supremacía y la honorabilidad varonil. Las derechas españolas, especialmente del período de entreguerras, mostra- ron claras afinidades en lo que respecta a la construcción discursiva de la mujer. Tanto los teóricos del tradicionalismo carlista como los monárquicos, cedistas y falangistas elaboraron un discurso de género y unas identidades de masculinidad y feminidad que se forjaron tanto en las ideas reacciona- rias y tradicionalistas del siglo xix, como en las nuevas corrientes de pensamiento antiliberal de los comienzos del xx. En los años siguientes, aquel discurso de género sería asimilado por la dictadura franquista. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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