OGRANIČENJE SLOBODE TESTIRANJA. (Bosnian)

LIMITATIONS ON TESTAMENTARY FREEDOM. (English)

In this paper the authors not only provide an overview of historical development, but they also analyse the positive legal solutions of the local legislator that pertain to the will and limiting the testamentary freedom. They place an emphasis on the significance and role of restricting the testamentary freedom in inheritance law, stressing at the same time its importance in the very regulation of family relations. The authors explain the institution of non-disposable portion (Portio Legitima), which restricts the freedom of disposing of property causa mortis in the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a country of the European-Continental legal tradition. By way of comparing these solutions with those of legislators of the Anglo-American legal tradition, the authors point out that the absolute testamentary freedom as such does not exist in any legal system. By showing the solutions in the law of the United States of America, the authors explain the ways of overcoming strict formalism that can lead to disrespecting the last will of a testator. Testamentary freedom can be expanded in terms of exclusion or deprivation of a portion heirs have the right to, in accordance with imperative regulations only if there is a reason for this which is stipulated by the law. The aim of this paper is to indicate that legislators of the European-Continental as well as the Anglo-American tradition restrict the testamentary freedom in different ways, though they are both motivated by achieving the equilibrium between family solidarity and respecting the last will of a testator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U radu autori daju prikaz istorijskog razvoja, ali i analiziraju pozitivno-pravna rješenja domaćeg zakonodavca posvećena testamentu i ograničavanju slobode testiranja. Autori u fokus stavljaju značaj i ulogu ograničenja slobode testiranja u nasljednom pravu, istovremeno ukazujući na njegovu važnost u samoj regulaciji porodičnih odnosa. Autori objašnjavaju ustanovu nužnog nasljednog dijela, koji ograničava slobodu raspolaganja imovinom mortis causa u zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine, zemalja evropsko-kontinentalne pravne tradicije. Putem poređenja sa rješenjima zakonodavaca anglo-američke pravne tradicije, autori ukazuju da apsolutna sloboda testiranja, kao takva, ne postoji ni u jednom pravnom sistemu. Autori, prikazujući rješenja prisutna u pravu Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, objašnjavaju načine prevazilaženja strogog formalizma koji može dovesti do neuvažavanja posljednje volje testatora. Sloboda testiranja može biti proširena isključenjem ili lišavanjem dijela na koji nasljednici u skladu sa imperativnim propisima imaju pravo samo ako za to postoji zakonom predviđen razlog. Cilj rada je da ukaže da zakonodavci evropsko-kontinentalne i englo-američke pravne tradicije na različite načine ograničavaju slobodu testiranja, ali da su oba motivisana postizanjem ravnoteže između porodične solidarnosti i poštovanja posljednje volje testatora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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