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LC–qTOF-MS analysis of fish immune organs reveals the distribution of amino acids in response to metabolic adaptation of the survival phenotype in grouper against Vibrio infection.
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- Author(s): Baharum, Syarul Nataqain; Mayalvanan, Yosmetha; Natnan, Maya Erna; Azizan, Kamalrul Azlan; Bunawan, Hamidun; Him, Nik Raikhan Nik; Low, Chen-Fei; Chong, Chou-Min
- Source:
3 Biotech; 8/3/2022, Vol. 12 Issue 9, p1-16, 16p- Subject Terms:
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- Additional Information
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Epinephelus fuscoguttatus is economically crucial to various Southeast Asia countries where they are reared in fish farms to meet the demand for supply. However, a systemic infectious disease known as vibriosis has steadily and extensively affected the fish farming industry. The disease is caused by Vibrio spp., which are pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. This study focused on understanding the host's metabolic adaptation against Vibrio vulnificus infection, which features a survival phenotype, by profiling the metabolites in grouper fingerlings that survived the experimental infection. Mapping of the pathways is crucial to explain the roles of metabolites in fish immunity. A solvent extraction method was used on the grouper's immune organs (gills, liver and spleen) prior to Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC–qTOF-MS) analysis. The metabolites identified in fingerlings that survived experimental infections were mostly amino acids (primary metabolites). Glutamine (0.44%), alanine (0.68%), phenylalanine (2.63%) and tyrosine (2.60%) were highly abundant in survived-infected gills. Aspartic acid (13.57%) and leucine (4.01%) were highly abundant in the livers of the survived-infected fish and lysine was highly abundant in both gills (2.94%) and liver (3.64%) of the survived-infected fish. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis revealed the involvement of the identified functional amino acids in various immune-related pathways. The current findings facilitate the comprehension of the metabolic adaptation of grouper fingerlings that exhibited a survival phenotype against Vibrio infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of 3 Biotech is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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