Changes in pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide expression in urinary bladder pathways after spinal cord injury.

Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0370712 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0014-4886 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00144886 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Exp Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Orlando Fl : Academic Press
Original Publication: New York.

Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism ; Neurons, Afferent/*metabolism ; Neuropeptides/*metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*metabolism ; Urinary Bladder/*metabolism ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/*metabolism ; Visceral Afferents/*metabolism; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism ; Ganglia, Spinal/pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Muscle, Smooth/innervation ; Muscle, Smooth/metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth/pathology ; Neural Pathways/metabolism ; Neural Pathways/pathology ; Neurons, Afferent/pathology ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; Posterior Horn Cells/metabolism ; Posterior Horn Cells/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reflex/physiology ; Sacrum ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications ; Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology ; Up-Regulation/physiology ; Urinary Bladder/innervation ; Urinary Bladder/pathology ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/etiology ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/pathology ; Urination/physiology ; Urothelium/metabolism ; Visceral Afferents/pathology

These studies examined changes in the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) expression in micturition reflex pathways after spinal cord injury (SCI) of various durations. In spinal-intact animals, PACAP immunoreactivity (IR) was expressed in fibers in the superficial dorsal horn in all segmental levels examined (L1, L2, L4-S1). Bladder-afferent cells (35-45%) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG; L1, L2, L6, S1) from spinal-intact animals also exhibited PACAP-IR. After SCI (6 weeks), PACAP-IR was dramatically increased in spinal segments and DRG (L1, L2, L6, S1) involved in micturition reflexes. The density of PACAP-IR was increased in the superficial laminae (I-II) of the L1, L2, L6, and S1 spinal segments. No changes in PACAP-IR were observed in the L4-L5 segments. Staining was also dramatically increased in a fiber bundle extending ventrally from Lissauer's tract (LT) in lamina I along the lateral edge of the dorsal horn to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) in the L6-S1 spinal segments (lateral collateral pathway of Lissauer, LCP). After SCI (range 48 h to 6 weeks), PACAP-IR in cells in the L1, L2, L6, and S1 DRG significantly (P < or = 0.001) increased and the percentage of bladder-afferent cells expressing PACAP-IR also significantly (P < or = 0.001) increased (70-92%). No changes were observed in the L4-L5 DRG. PACAP-IR was reduced throughout the urothelium and detrusor smooth muscle whole mounts after SCI. These studies demonstrate changes in PACAP expression in micturition reflex pathways after SCI that may contribute to urinary bladder dysfunction or reemergence of primitive voiding reflexes after SCI.

DK051369 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; DK060481 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; DK065989 United States DK NIDDK NIH HHS; NS040796 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS

0 (Adcyap1 protein, rat)
0 (Nerve Growth Factors)
0 (Neuropeptides)
0 (Neurotransmitter Agents)
0 (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide)

Date Created: 20050209 Date Completed: 20050414 Latest Revision: 20071114

20240829

10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.10.017

15698618