Tumor Markers in Undiagnosed Pleural Effusions.

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    • Subject Terms:
      PLEURAL effusions; ETIOLOGY of diseases; PLEURA diseases; PERIODIC health examinations; TUBERCULOSIS; CYTOLOGY
    • Abstract:
      This article reports that patients with pleural effusions are a common occurrence in the practice of pulmonologists. The annual incidence of pleural effusion in the United States is estimated to be 1.5 million, and approximately 200,000 are due to malignancy. The etiology of an effusion can be established in the majority of cases with a careful history, a physical examination, and an evaluation of the pleural fluid obtained by thoracentesis including fluid cultures, cytology, and testing for tuberculosis, such as the measurement of adenosine deaminase levels.