Does beta-amyloid plaque formation cause structural injury to neuronal processes?

Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100929017 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1029-8428 (Print) Linking ISSN: 10298428 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurotox Res Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: <2009-> : New York : Springer
Original Publication: [Amsterdam?] : Harwood Academic Publishers,

Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*toxicity ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/*metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/*pathology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Neurons/*pathology ; Plaque, Amyloid/*metabolism ; Plaque, Amyloid/*pathology; Animals ; Humans

The precise role of beta-amyloid plaque formation in the cascade of brain cell changes that lead to neurodegeneration and dementia in Alzheimer's disease has been unclear. Studies have indicated that neuronal processes surrounding and within plaques undergo a series of biochemical and morphological alterations. Morphological alterations include reactive, degenerative and sprouting-related 'dystrophic' neuritic structures, derived principally from axons, which involve specific changes in cytoskeletal proteins such as tau and NF triplet proteins. More compact and fibrous plaques are associated with more extensive neuritic pathology than non-fibrillar, diffuse beta-amyloid deposits. Cortical apical dendritic processes are either 'clipped' by plaque formation or are bent around more compact plaques. Examination of cases of 'pathological' brain ageing, which may represent a preclinical form of Alzheimer's disease, demonstrated that the earliest neuritic pathology associated with plaques was similar to the reactive changes that follow structural injury to axons. In vivo and in vitro experimental models of structural injury to axons produce identical reactive changes that subsequently lead to an attempt at regenerative sprouting by damaged axons. Thus, beta-amyloid plaque formation may cause structural injury to axons that is subsequently followed by an aberrant sprouting response that presages neurodegeneration and dementia. Identification of the key neuronal alterations underlying the pathology of Alzheimer's disease may provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.

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0 (Amyloid beta-Peptides)

Date Created: 20050111 Date Completed: 20050408 Latest Revision: 20230320

20230320

10.1007/BF03033772

15639794