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Evaluating the Effect of Concussion-Education Programs on Intent to Report Concussion in High School Football.
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- Author(s): Daneshvar, Daniel H.; Yutsis, Maya; Baugh, Christine M.; Pea, Roy D.; Goldman, Shelley; Grant, Gerald A.; Ghajar, Jamshid; Sanders, Lee M.; Chen, Christine L.; Tenekedjieva, Lea-Tereza; Gurrapu, Shravya; Zafonte, Ross; Sorcar, Piya
- Source:
Journal of Athletic Training (Allen Press); Nov2021, Vol. 56 Issue 11, p1197-1208, 12p, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs- Subject Terms:
HIGH schools; PATIENT aftercare; STATISTICS; COMPUTER software; ONLINE education; HIGH school athletes; ANALYSIS of variance; CONFIDENCE intervals; HEALTH occupations students; FISHER exact test; SELF-disclosure; TREATMENT effectiveness; T-test (Statistics); BRAIN concussion; PSYCHOSOCIAL factors; MALE athletes; TEACHING aids; QUESTIONNAIRES; CHI-squared test; REPEATED measures design; RESEARCH funding; INTENTION; FOOTBALL; STATISTICAL sampling; STUDENT attitudes; DATA analysis; DATA analysis software; VIDEO recording; CONTROL (Psychology); SECONDARY analysis - Source:
- Additional Information
- Subject Terms:
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Concussion underreporting leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment, prolonging recovery time. Athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms, therefore, reduces risk. To evaluate the effectiveness of 3 concussion-education programs in improving concussion-reporting intention. Randomized controlled clinical trial. Three high schools in California. A total of 118 male football players (age = 14.88 ± 1.19 years). Participants were randomly assigned to receive concussion education via CrashCourse (CC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) video education materials (CDC-Vi), or CDC written education materials (CDC-Wr). The primary outcome was concussion-reporting intention, which was assessed at baseline, immediately after education, and at 1-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were concussion knowledge, concussion-reporting attitudes, perceived concussion-reporting norms, and perceived behavioral control. Across all education formats, a total sample of athletes improved in concussion-reporting intention at immediate and 1-month follow-ups (mean improvements = 6.8% and 11.4%, respectively; F
4,224 = 11.1, P <.001). Similar findings were observed across all education formats in secondary analyses examining knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control. However, we noted differences in concussion-reporting intention by education format and time (F4,224 = 2.8, P =.03). Post hoc analysis showed that athletes who received CC had increased concussion-reporting intentions at immediate and 1-month follow-ups (baseline = 4.7, immediate follow-up = 6.1, 1-month follow-up = 6.0; F16,61.1 = 6.1, P =.007) compared with increases only at 1-month follow-up for CDC-Vi (baseline = 4.3, immediate follow-up = 5.2, 1-month follow-up = 5.8; F1.6,61.6 = 8.4, P =.001) and no improvement for CDC-Wr (P =.10). Secondary analyses indicated differences between CC and both CDC interventions in concussion knowledge and attitudes at immediate and 1-month follow-ups. We identified no differences in perceived behavioral control among interventions (F4,216 = 0.2, P =.93) or perceived concussion-reporting norms across (F4,224 = 0.3, P =.73) or among (F4,224 = 1.7, P =.15) interventions. All athletes exhibited an improved intent to report concussions, increased concussion knowledge, better concussion attitudes, and more perceived behavioral control at both immediate and 1-month follow-ups. However, athletes randomized to receive CC reported a greater intent to report concussion, more knowledge, and improved concussion-reporting attitudes when compared with those who received CDC-Vi and CDC-Wr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] - Abstract: Copyright of Journal of Athletic Training (Allen Press) is the property of KnowledgeWorks Global, Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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