۱۹۱٤-۱۸٦۹اﻹﻗﻄﺎع ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮاء اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻔﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﮭﺪ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ. (Arabic)

The Feudalism in the Muftaq Brigade in the last Ottoman Period 1869-1914. (English)

The land in the Muntafiq Brigade has been subjected to its own situation. Since most of the land is owned by individuals Who have no connection to the land. The actual administrators are People Who did not own the land and did not commit to it. They hold their eights to the land on the basis of housing and disposition and Provide evidence and evidence of its legitimacy. indicating the custom and more than is based on the laws and this led to the occurrence of disputes on the ground as it came to the fact that the actual conductors of the land prevent the owners to build houses for their housing in these territories. When Medhat Pasha came to the Mandate of Baghdad in 1869 he Worked to settle the tribes and Move the nomads to new areas and replace the nomads with Stable gatherings. The aim Was to destroy the tribal system by abolishing the Collective ownership of the land and turning it into an individual Property through the delegation of land. To dedicate feudalism in the brigade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ﺗﻮطﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺸﺎﺋﺮ وﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﺪو إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة واﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﺮﺣﻞ ﺑﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة, إ ذ ﻛﺎن ﯾﮭﺪف ﻣﻦ وراء ذﻟﻚ ﺗﺤﻄﯿﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻟﻸر ض وﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻠﻜﯿﺔ ﻓﺮدﯾﺔ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻔﻮﯾﺾ اﻷراﺿﻲ, واﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺗﺒﻌﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ھﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﺮﯾﺲ اﻹﻗﻄﺎع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻮاء ﺧﻀﻌﺖ اﻷراﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮاء اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻔﻖ إﻟﻰ وﺿﻌﯿﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ, إ ذ إن اﻏﻠﺐ أراﺿﯿﮫ ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻜﮭﺎ أﻓﺮا د ﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﮭﻢ ﺑﺎﻷر ض, أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺮﻓﻮن اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿﻮن ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﮭﻢ أﺷﺨﺎ ص ﻟﻢ ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻜﻮا اﻷر ض وﻟﻢ ﺗﻤ ﻨ ﺢ ﻟﮭﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺰﻣﺔ, وﯾﺘﻤﺴﻜﻮن ﺑﺤﻘﻮﻗﮭﻢ ﺑﺎﻷر ض ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺴﻜﻦ واﻟﺘﺼﺮف وﯾﻘﺪﻣﻮن اﻟﺒﺮاھﯿﻦ و اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﯿﺘﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺮف واﻟﻌﺎدة ً, وﺣﯿﻦ ﻛﺎن ادﻋﺎء ھ ﺆ ﻻء ﻣﺒﻨﯿﺎ أﻛﺜ ﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ, وھﺬا ﻣﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪوث ﻣﻨﺎزﻋﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻷر ض,إ ذ وﺻﻞ اﻷﻣﺮ إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺮﻓﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻷر ض ﯾﻤﻨﻌﻮن اﻟﻤﻼﻛﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ۱۸٦۹ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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