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Serum Insulin-like Factor 3 Levels Are Reduced in Former Androgen Users, Suggesting Impaired Leydig Cell Capacity.
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- Author(s): Rasmussen, Jon Jarløv; Albrethsen, Jakob; Frandsen, Mikkel Nicklas; Jørgensen, Niels; Juul, Anders; Kistorp, Caroline
- Source:
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism; Jul2021, Vol. 106 Issue 7, pe2664-e2672, 9p- Subject Terms:
LEYDIG cells; SEX hormones; ANDROGENS; HDL cholesterol; SOMATOMEDIN C; LEAN body mass; LUTEINIZING hormone receptors; RESISTANCE training; TESTIS; RESEARCH; TESTOSTERONE; ANTHROPOMETRY; CROSS-sectional method; RESEARCH methodology; CASE-control method; REGRESSION analysis; MEDICAL cooperation; EVALUATION research; COMPARATIVE studies; GLYCOPROTEINS; CARRIER proteins - Source:
- Additional Information
- Abstract:
Context: Illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is frequently observed in men and is associated with subsequent testosterone deficiency although the long-term effect on gonadal function is still unclear. Serum insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) has been suggested to be a superior biomarker of Leydig cell secretory capacity compared to testosterone.Objective: This study aimed to investigate serum INSL3 concentrations in AAS users.Methods: This community-based, cross-sectional study included men aged 18 to 50 years, involved in recreational strength training and allocated to 1 of 3 groups: never-AAS users as controls (n = 44), current (n = 46), or former AAS users (n = 42) with an average duration since AAS cessation of 32 (23 ; 45) months.Results: Serum INSL3 was lower in current AAS users and former AAS users than in controls, median (interquartile range), 0.04 µg/L (nondetectable [ND]-0.07 µg/L) and 0.39 µg/L (0.24-0.62 µg/L) vs 0.59 µg/L (0.45-0.72 µg/L), P less than .001. Former AAS users exhibited lower serum INSL3 levels than controls in a multivariable linear regression even after adjusting for serum total testosterone (TT) and other relevant confounders, (B) (95% CI), -0.16 µg/L (95% CI, -0.29 to -0.04 µg/L), P equal to .011. INSL3 and TT were not associated in the model, P equal to .821. Longer accumulated AAS duration (log2) was associated with lower serum INSL3 in former AAS users, (B) (95% CI), -0.08 (95% CI, -0.14 to -0.01), P equal to .022. Serum INSL3, but not inhibin B or testosterone, was associated with testicular size in a multivariate linear regression, (B) (95% CI); 4.7 (95% CI, 0.5 to 8.9), P equal to .030.Conclusion: Serum INSL3 is reduced years following AAS cessation in men, independently of testosterone, suggesting persistently impaired Leydig cell capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] - Abstract: Copyright of Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Abstract:
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