Students' Perception of E-Learning based on Media Resources and Readiness during COVID-19.

Digital technologies became especially important for the efficient progress of the learning process in the time of COVID-19 pandemic. The canonical model of study made way for off-campus e-learning, built on information systems and media resources. This rapid transition highlighted some challenges and barriers that obstruct the successful implementation of e-learning. In this regard, this research aims at an overview of international students' perception and readiness for e-learning in the time of COVID-19 pandemic. The study was based on secondary empirical data obtained from surveys of students from the USA, Germany, Poland, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Indonesia, and the Philippines. We attempted to structure the data by essential determinants, including the COVID-19 morbidity rate, income per capita, and Internet penetration rate. At the beginning of the research, we stated the hypotheses that capture our common vision of current trends. The results show that the countries with relatively high gross national income per capita show a higher Internet penetration rate. Highincome countries have a higher level of students' satisfaction with e-learning than low-income countries with low Internet penetration rates. In terms of various perceptions and readiness of students for e-learning, we observed similar problems in its implementation and development. We found almost nonavailable mass media intended for learning and information educational resources in the countries we explored. There are also problems with Internet access, slow adjustment of students to e-learning, and e-learning teaching skills among professors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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