Újabb ismeretek a szarvasmarhák vírusos hasmenésének kórokozójáról II. Irodalmi összefoglaló. (Hungarian)

Recent knowledge on the bovine viral diarrhoea virus II. Literature review. (English)

The authors provide an update on the knowledge on BVDV with some piece of information, especially on the survival strategies of the virus, and its key element, the development of the persistently infected (PI) foetus in heifers infected by the non-cytopathogenic (ncp) biotype of the virus. In order to persist in its host population, BVDV successfully utilizes both the so-called „hit and run" and the „ infect and persist" strategies, each are widely applied by different viruses. The former concerns the acute infections, while the latter the PI immunotolerant animals. The development of the PI animals is based on the targeted influence of the innate immune responses, which enables the infecting ncp BVDV to become part of „self" of the host - from immunological aspects -, while leaving it unaffected for antigenically different BVDV strains and other type of pathogens. This targeted tolerance mechanism provides better survival for the host, and consequently, to BVDV either. Therefore, control strategies against BVDV should include the identification and elimination of PI individuals from the herd, and to provide sufficient immunity to prevent the emergence of PI animals. The efficient control of the disease relies on a broad range of cross protection and efficient cellular immune responses, the latter being attributed - at least partly - to the NS3 protein of the cp biotype strains. The BVDV infection of pigs has already been described in several countries, but it occurs mainly in China. The antigenic relationships of the two viruses may interfere with the diagnosis of classical swine fever. The genetic characteristics and epidemiological impacts of porcine BVDV infections, together with those of the small ruminants warrant further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A szerzők irodalmi adatok alapján bemutatják a szarvasmarhák vírusos hasmenésének (bovine viral diarrhoea, BVD) vírusával kapcsolatos legújabb ismereteket, úgymint a BVDV okozta perzisztens fertőzés kialakulásának pontosabb mechanizmusát, a keresztvédelem, ill. a sejtes immunválasz szerepét a BVDV elleni védekezésben, és ezek gyakorlati vonatkozásait. A sertések BVDVfertőzése egyelőre Kínában okozza a legtöbb problémát, mivel megzavarhatja a klasszikus sertéspestis diagnosztikáját. Mindazonáltal a sertésekben és a kiskérődzőkben előforduló BVDV-törzsek genetikai, ill. járványtani jellemzőinek megismerése további vizsgálatokat igényel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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