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SOBRE EL HÉROE COMO FIGURA LEGITIMADORA DE LOS VALORES DE LA ILUSTRACIÓN. ESTRATEGIAS DE PRODUCCIÓN, CAMBIOS Y DESACUERDOS. (Spanish)
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- Author(s): SORIANO MUÑOZ, Nuria
- Source:
Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea; 2020, Vol. 38, p17-43, 27p
- Additional Information
- Alternate Title:
Heroism as legitimation of Enlightenment values: Production strategies, changes and disagreements. (English)
- Abstract:
During the eighteenth century's periods of political insecurity, writers and rulers supported a whole series of arguments aimed at constructing civilizing heroes who are sacrificed for the benefit of the country, society and the «common good.» This article analyses the different strategies and forms through which an enlightened heroism proliferated in the second half of the century and that were in a constant process of being defined. After reviewing the historical coordinates and the debates within which the creation of new heroes unfolded, and without neglecting another type of heroism--that inherited from humanist culture--I will specifically focus on the conquistadores of the Americas, who were subjected to European intellectuals' critiques. Heroism worked as a propaganda instrument to establish a positive image of the country--one capable of binding collective and individual identities and, at the same time, of embodying the nation's modernity and progress. The hero allows us to understand eighteenth-century society's prevailing political values and controversies regarding masculinity and civilization, whose meanings were always far from singular or stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract:
En tiempos de inseguridad política, literatos y gobernantes apoyaron toda una serie de argumentos orientados a construir héroes civilizadores y sacrificados en beneficio de la patria, la sociedad y el «bien común». Este artículo analiza las variadas estrategias y formas, siempre en constante proceso de definición, con los que este heroísmo ilustrado proliferó en la segunda mitad del siglo. Después de pasar revista a las coordenadas históricas y a los debates en los que se desenvuelve la fabricación de nuevos héroes, sin dejar de lado otro tipo de heroísmo --heredado de la cultura humanista-- me detendré específicamente en los conquistadores de América, sometidos a la crítica de los intelectuales europeos. El heroísmo funcionó como instrumento de propaganda para consolidar una imagen positiva de la patria, capaz de anudar identidades colectivas e individuales y encarnar al mismo tiempo la modernidad y el progreso de la nación. El héroe permite comprender los valores políticos y las controversias sobre la masculinidad y la civilización que imperaban en la sociedad del siglo XVIII, siempre alejados de un significado único y estable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract:
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