عہدحضرت امیر معاویہؓ میں حکومت کے محاصل: تحقیقی مطالعہِ (Urdu)

WESTERN INTERVENTION IN THE MUSLIM STATES. (English)

Hazrat Muawiyah bin Abi-Sufyan was born in Macca to Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and Hind bint Utbah (602 CE) into the Banu Umayya sub-clan of the Banu Abd-Shams clan of the Quraysh tribe. Hazrat Ameer Mu'awiah (R) was one of the companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). His religious and political contributions possess very prominent place in the history of Islam. In the historical period of Hazrat Ameer Mu'awiah (R) there was a tremendous increase in the treasure of Bait-ul-Mall. The Bayt al-mal ran under the Rashidun caliphate in the 7th century and that continued through the Umayyad period. In his period the boundaries of Islamic state experienced a vast expansion of conquered territories. Due to his administrative capabilities, the Islamic state was strengthened, especially, economically. In this article government revenues like Zakat, Usher, Jizyah, Kharaj, Darieb, and other miscellaneous sources of revenues and different agriculture reforms executed during his reign have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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