Medication Adherence Changes in Blacks with Diabetes: A Mixed Methods Study.

CLINICAL drug trials; ANALYSIS of variance; ATTITUDE (Psychology); CONTENT analysis; STATISTICAL correlation; MENTAL depression; PEOPLE with diabetes; INTERVIEWING; LONGITUDINAL method; RESEARCH methodology; TYPE 2 diabetes; PATIENT compliance; QUESTIONNAIRES; STATISTICAL sampling; SELF-efficacy; STATISTICS; T-test (Statistics); THERAPEUTICS; PSYCHOLOGY of Black people; QUALITATIVE research; PSYCHOSOCIAL factors; DATA analysis software; PATIENTS' attitudes; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ATTITUDES toward illness

Objectives: In this study, we conducted a longitudinal evaluation of changes in medication adherence and the role of psychosocial and interpersonal factors in these changes among Blacks with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and determined barriers and facilitators of T2DM medication adherence. Methods: We used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design for a sample of 287 black adult patients with T2DM in Wisconsin. Two surveys quantitatively evaluated changes in medication adherence, psychosocial factors, and interpersonal factors over time. We conducted 10 semi-structured qualitative interviews to explore participants' perceptions of these changes. Data integration of the quantitative and qualitative findings elucidated barriers and facilitators of medication adherence. Results: Increased adherence was significantly correlated with less concerns about medicines (r = -0.31), higher self-efficacy (r = 0.47), lesser depressive symptoms (r = -0.26), and lesser negative illness perceptions (r = -0.26) at both baseline and follow-up. Patient perceptions of adherence changes included adherence motivators, social support, and complex medication regimens. Integration showed that barriers and facilitators both existed in individuals who had an increase or a decrease in adherence over time. Conclusions: Specific beliefs of Blacks towards T2DM medications must be addressed to improve their adherence. Interventions must be tailored using interpersonal factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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