The expanding role of immunotherapy in urologic cancers: Checkpoint blockade offers a new therapeutic source across GU malignancies.

ANTIANDROGENS; ANTINEOPLASTIC agents; CANCER chemotherapy; CANCER prognosis; THERAPEUTIC use of monoclonal antibodies; IPILIMUMAB; ABIRATERONE acetate; BLADDER tumors; CANCER relapse; CELLULAR signal transduction; COMBINATION drug therapy; IMMUNOTHERAPY; KIDNEY tumors; METASTASIS; GENETIC mutation; PROSTATE tumors; SURVIVAL; T cells; UNITED States. Food & Drug Administration; URINARY organs; DISEASE progression; THERAPEUTICS

The article examines the potential future use of immunotherapy in prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer. Topics include success enjoyed by immunotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer, efficacy of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors in the treatment of hormone-refractory and metastatic prostate cancer, and benefit received by nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) from localized immunotherapy in the form of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy.