Anemia - ce este, cum se manifestă şi cum se tratează? (Romanian)

Anemia - definition, symptoms and treatment. (English)

Anemia is a decrease in the hemoglobin concentration, with a consequent reduction in the ability of erythrocytes to carry oxygen to the tissues. The main causes of anemia are blood loss, decreased red blood cell (RBC) production or excessive RBC destruction. The main causes of defects in RBC formation are inadequate supply of iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid. Hemolytic anemias may also have numerous causes, intrinsic or extrinsic to erythrocytes. Medication is based on the type of anemia present. Iron-deficiency anemia is treated with iron compounds, given orally, or, in some cases, parenterally. In megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 and/or folic acid deficiency, these nutrients are administered. Anemia from chronic kidney disease, other chronic diseases, inflammation, cancers, or in AIDS patients is treated with erythropoiesisstimulating factors. If anemia has other causes beyond nutrients deficiency, these should be corrected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anemia apare prin scăderea concentraţiei de hemoglobină, cu scăderea consecutivă a capacităţii eritrocitelor de a transporta oxigenul către ţesuturi. Cauzele principale ale anemiei sunt hemoragiile, producerea deficitară de eritrocite sau distrugerea exagerată a acestora. Principalele cauze ale defectelor în formarea eritrocitelor se datorează deficitelor de fier, vitamină B12 sau acid folic. Anemiile hemolitice au şi ele numeroase cauze, intrinseci sau extrinseci eritrocitelor. Tratamentul medicamentos se face în funcţie de tipul de anemie prezent. Anemia prin deficit de fier se tratează cu compuşi cu fier, administraţi oral sau, în anumite situaţii, parenteral. Anemia megaloblastică prin deficit de vitamină B12 şi/sau acid folic se tratează prin administrarea acestor nutrienţi. Anemia din boala renală cronică, din alte boli cronice, din inflamaţie, din cancere sau la pacienţii cu SIDA se tratează cu factori de stimulare a eritropoiezei. Dacă anemia are şi alte cauze în afara deficitului de nutrienţi, acestea trebuie corectate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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