ZNAČILNOSTI KOGNITIVNIH MOTENJ PRI PARKINSONOVI BOLEZNI. (Slovenian)

COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE. (English)

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative progressive disease which primarily manifests in motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (gradual loss and slowing down of spontaneous movement) and postural instability. Motor symptoms manifestation is the key in clinical diagnosis, however in the last decade the research increasingly focuses on the non-motor symptoms of the disease. The cognitive changes in Parkinson's disease are linked to functional and structural changes in the brain and are not similar to other neurodegenerative diseases. Mild cognitive impairment may have a predictive value for dementia. Research shows that early deficits in the visual-spatial and memory domains are a better predictor of the progression to dementia compared to deficits in executive functions, which are mainly a result of fronto-striatal pathway changes modified by dopaminergic system. It is important to detect early cognitive changes in PD in order to offer an individualised therapeutic support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinsonova bolezen (PB) je nevrodegenerativna bolezen, ki se kaže v napredovanju motoričnih simptomov, kot so tremor, rigidnost, bradikineza (upočasnjenost gibov) in motnje ravnotežja. Motorični simptomi so ključnega pomena za klinično diagnozo bolezni, v zadnjem desetletju pa se raziskave osredinjajo tudi na nemotorične simptome. Značilnosti kognitivnih motenj se pri PB povezujejo s funkcionalnimi in strukturnimi spremembami možganovine, kar se izraža kot specifičen profil, ki ga razlikujemo od drugih nevrodegenerativnih bolezni. Blaga kognitivna motnja ima pri PB lahko napovedno vrednost za kasnejši razvoj kognitivne oškodovanosti v demenco. Raziskave kažejo, da so zgodnji primanjkljaji na področju vidno-prostorskega funkcioniranja in spomina boljši napovednik razvoja demence kot pa okvara izvršilnih sposobnosti, ki zajema okvaro fronto-striatne poti, pogojene z dopaminergičnim sistemom. Pomembno je, da kognitivne motnje čim prej zaznamo, da bolnikom lahko nudimo individualno prilagojeno terapevtsko podporo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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