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Papst wider Willen: Zur Geschichte eines Motivs.
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- Author(s): Hack, Achim Thomas
- Source:
Quellen und Forschungen aus Italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken. Apr2017, Vol. 96 Issue 1, p3-34. 32p.- Subject Terms:
- Source:
- Additional Information
- Alternate Title: Pope Against the Will: On the History of a Motif.
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: This paper investigates a motif present throughout the Middle Ages in a broad variety of texts: the refusal to ascend to the papal throne after election. Gregory the Great dealt with this issue on a theoretical level in his Regula pastoralis: driven by humilitas, the Pope elect should shrink from taking on the office assigned to him, but should not insist excessively in his refusal. Despite the Biblical motivations claimed by Gregory and others, this motif is already documented in the pre-Christian era, for example in the philosophical tradition (Plato, Cicero) and among the Roman emperors starting from Tiberius. From the 8th century onwards it was no longer a literary topos, but a ritual practiced with evident regularity: the Pope elect attempted to avoid his coronation by hiding, but was soon tracked down and taken „by force“ to the Lateran Palace in solemn procession. Popes often also argued that they had not desired to be elected, especially when attempting to demonstrate that they had not arrived at the Papal throne legitimately but, for example, through simony. Gregory VII is a striking example: he presented his entire career as an imposition from the outside. In the early and late Middle Ages this ritual was definitively institutionalized; the highly formalized announcements of the Pope’s election always stressed the new Pope’s initial refusal to accept; indeed, the very blessings imparted during ordinations expressly mentioned the imposition to which he had been subjected. Benedict XVI is currently the last Pope to have ascended to the Papal throne „against his wishes“. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: L’articolo tratta un motivo presente per tutto il medioevo nei testi più diversi, vale a dire il rifiuto di ascendere al soglio pontificio dopo l’avvenuta elezione. Gregorio Magno se ne occupava sul piano teorico nella sua Regula pastoralis: spinto dalla sua humilitas, l’eletto sarebbe dovuto sfuggire dall’assumere l’incarico che gli era stato assegnato, ma non avrebbe dovuto persistere nel suo rifiuto più di tanto. Nonostante le motivazioni bibliche addotte da Gregorio e da altri, tale motivo è documentato già dai tempi precristiani, ad esempio nella tradizione filosofica (Platone, Cicerone) e presso gli imperatori romani a partire da Tiberio. Dall’VIII secolo in poi si trattava però non più solo di un topos letterario, ma di un rituale praticato con evidente regolarità: l’eletto cercava di sfuggire alla sua incoronazione nascondendosi, ma veniva presto rintracciato e portato „con la forza“ al Palazzo Lateranense durante una solenne processione. I papi ricorrevano inoltre spesso all’argomento dell’elezione non voluta, soprattutto quando intendevano dimostrare che non erano arrivati al soglio pontificio in modo illegittimo, ad esempio per simonia. Gregorio VII ne costituisce un esempio molto eloquente: egli presentava tutta la sua carriera come imposta dall’esterno. Nell’alto e tardo medioevo il rituale avrebbe poi trovato la sua definitiva istituzionalizzazione; negli annunci dell’avvenuta elezione, fortemente formalizzati, si sottolineava sempre l’iniziale rifiuto da parte del nuovo papa di accettarla; anzi, le stesse benedizioni impartite durante l’ordinazione ricordavano espressamente l’imposizione subita. Benedetto XVI è a tutt’oggi l’ultimo pontefice arrivato al soglio pontificio „contro la sua volontà“. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of Quellen und Forschungen aus Italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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