PREDNOSTI I MANE URGENTNE POSTKOITALNE KONTRACEPCIJE. (Bosnian)

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EMERGENCY POSTCOITAL CONTRACEPTION. (English)

Emergency postcoital contraception (EPC) also known as “emergency contraception” and “morning after pill” is an easy way to prevent conceiving and it can be purchased in many countries without any prescription. EPC offers an important chance to prevent an unintended pregnancy when a regular method fails, no method was used, or sex was forced. The currently available options include an estrogenprogestin combination (ethinyl estradiol with levonorgestrel), progestin alone (levonorgestrel), the ulipristal acetate, the antiprogestin synthetic steroid mifepristone (RU-486), estrogen alone (high-dose ethinyl estradiol) and the Copper T intrauterine device (IUD). EPC pills, which may be more accessible than an emergency IUD, reduce the chance that pregnancy will happen after a single act of intercourse by at least 50 percent. The Copper T IUD is the most effective form of emergency contraception with an estimated rate of less than 1%. EPC is a simple safe emergency method to reduce the chance of pregnancy and EPC pills do not harm an existing pregnancy. EPC is not suitable for women who cannot take birth control pills, it does not protect against sexually transmitted infections and should not be used as a regular method of birth control. The sooner the pills are taken, the better it is. The effect or the potential of EPC diminishes over time. It may have some temporary side effects such as nausea and vomiting, delay in menses, irregular vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, and fatigue. If these side effects occur, they generally resolve within 24 hours of the pill use. Side effects of the copper-containing IUD are also rare, but may include menstrual cramping or increased menstrual flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urgentna postkoitalna kontracepcija (UPK), takođe poznata kao „urgentna kontracepcija“ i kao „tableta za jutro posle“jednostavan je način da se prevenira začeće, a u većini zemalja nabavlja se bez recepta. Primenom UPK može se sprečiti neželjena trudnoća ako izostane efekat primenjene zaštite, ako nije korišćena nijedna metoda zaštite ili ako je došlo do silovanja. Trenutno raspoloživa sredstva i metode za zaštitu od neželjene trudnoće podrazumevaju peroralnu primenu kombinacije estrogen-progestina (etinilestradiol sa levonorgestrelom), primenu samo progestina (levonorgestrel), korišćenje peroralnog ulipristal acetata, antiprogestin sintetičkog steroida mifepristona (RU-486), samog estrogena (visoke doze etiniletsradiola) i bakarne T spirale. UPK tablete su mnogo dostupnije nego bakarne T spirale, smanjuju mogućnost nastanka trudnoće posle jednog nezaštićenog odnosa za najmanje 50%. Bakarna T spirala je najefikasniji oblik UPK sa izostankom dejstva manjim od 1%. UPK je jednostavna za primenu i pravovremena upotreba smanjuje mogućnost nastanka neželjene trudnoće, pri čemu trudnoća koja eventualno već postoji neće biti ugrožena. UPK ne mogu da koriste žene koje ne smeju da uzimaju peroralne kontraceptive, ne štiti od seksualno prenosivih bolesti i ne može se koristiti kao redovan metod kontracepcije. UPK treba upotrebiti što pre nakon nezaštićenog odnosa, jer joj se vremenom smanjuje efikasnost. Mogu se javiti neželjene nuspojave poput muke i povraćanja, odlaganja pojave menstruacije, neregularnog vaginalnog krvarenja, bola u abdomenu, glavobolje, vrtoglavice, koje najčešće nestaju tokom naredna 24 časa. Takođe su retke nuspojave nakon upotrebe bakarne T spirale, ali ako se jave onda su u pitanju poremećaj menstrualnog krvarenja i povećano oticanje krvi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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