Long-term observation of indirect lymphography using gadolinium-loaded polyethylenimine-entrapped gold nanoparticles as a dual mode CT/MR contrast agent for rabbit lingual sentinel lymph node identification.

ANIMAL experimentation; COMPUTED tomography; GOLD; HISTOLOGICAL techniques; LYMPH nodes; LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY; NANOPARTICLES; RABBITS; STAINS & staining (Microscopy); TIME; CONTRAST media; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; SENTINEL lymph node biopsy; ONE-way analysis of variance

Conclusions:The rabbit lingual sentinel lymph node (SLN) could be long-term visualized by indirect lymphography using gadolinium-loaded polyethylenimine-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Gd-Au PENPs) as CT/MR dual-modal contrast agent. Objective:To investigate duration and intensity of rabbit lingual SLN enhancement using Gd-Au PENPs as a CT/MR dual-modal contrast agent. Methods:Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into indirect CT lymphography (CT-LG) and MR lymphography (MR-LG) groups. In each group, two rabbits received unilateral injection and four received bilateral injection of Gd-Au PENPs in the sub-mucosa of the tongue. Then the enhancement characteristics of SLN were investigated. Results:The enhanced SLNs were observed in 100% in all rabbits by indirect CT-LG and MR-LG simultaneously at 1 min after injection. Then SLN enhancement was improved rapidly and the first peaks were observed at 25 min for CT-LG and 1 h for MR-LG, respectively, then SLN enhancement decreased gradually to a minimum at 2 h for CT-LG and 3 h for MR-LG. Afterwards, the enhancement intensity increased again and second peaks were observed at 24 h for both CT-LG and MR-LG. Hereafter, the intensity dropped slowly and weak enhancement was also observed at the 40th week for CT-LG and 31st day for MR-LG. Black-stained SLNs were visualized in 100% at autopsy in all rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]