Macrophage arginine metabolism to ornithine/urea or nitric oxide/citrulline: a life or death issue.

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  • Author(s): Mills CD;Mills CD
  • Source:
    Critical reviews in immunology [Crit Rev Immunol] 2001; Vol. 21 (5), pp. 399-425.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Review
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Begell House Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8914819 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1040-8401 (Print) Linking ISSN: 10408401 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Crit Rev Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: New York, NY : Begell House
      Original Publication: Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, c1980-
    • Subject Terms:
      Arginine/*metabolism ; Citrulline/*metabolism ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Macrophages/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Ornithine/*metabolism ; Urea/*metabolism; Animals ; Arginase/biosynthesis ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
    • Abstract:
      Macrophages can metabolize arginine to nitric oxide in quantities that inhibit pathogens or nearby host cells. They can instead metabolize arginine to ornithine (a precursor of polyamines and collagen) in quantities that stimulate pathogens or nearby host cells. Macrophages are essentially the only circulating cells that can make these life or death decisions with arginine. Macrophages expressing these destructive or constructive phenotypes have been termed M-1 or M-2 because they also stimulate TH1 or TH2 responses, respectively. Factors that influence whether a macrophage expresses the M-1 or M-2 phenotype and the real or potential impact on immune responses and other host processes are discussed.
    • Number of References:
      231
    • Grant Information:
      R0IGM 51495 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS
    • Accession Number:
      29VT07BGDA (Citrulline)
      31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
      8W8T17847W (Urea)
      94ZLA3W45F (Arginine)
      E524N2IXA3 (Ornithine)
      EC 1.14.13.39 (NOS2 protein, human)
      EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase)
      EC 1.14.13.39 (Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II)
      EC 3.5.3.1 (Arginase)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20020411 Date Completed: 20020430 Latest Revision: 20131121
    • Publication Date:
      20231215
    • Accession Number:
      11942557