Human breathing and eye blink rate responses to airborne chemicals.

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  • Author(s): Walker JC;Walker JC; Kendal-Reed M; Utell MJ; Cain WS
  • Source:
    Environmental health perspectives [Environ Health Perspect] 2001 Aug; Vol. 109 Suppl 4, pp. 507-12.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0330411 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0091-6765 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00916765 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Health Perspect Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Research Triangle Park, N. C. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
    • Subject Terms:
      Air Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Blinking/*drug effects ; Environmental Monitoring/*methods ; Respiration/*drug effects ; Tidal Volume/*drug effects; Humans
    • Abstract:
      Increased levels of air pollution have been linked with morbidity and mortality, but mechanisms linking physiologic responses to quality of life and productivity issues remain largely unknown. Individuals often report irritation of the nose and/or eyes upon exposures to environmental contaminants. Evaluation of these self-reports would be greatly aided by the development of valid physiological markers. Chamber studies (unencumbered exposures) of nonsmoker responses to environmental tobacco smoke offer two candidate end points: (a) Tidal volume increases and breathing frequency declines with stimuli that elicit only moderate irritation. (b) Eye blink rate increases only with a concentration sufficiently high to cause progressive worsening of eye irritation with prolonged exposure. Experiments with very brief nasal-only presentations also suggest the value of breathing changes as sensitive markers of irritation: (a) Tidal volume is inversely related to perceived nasal irritation (NI) intensity in both normal and anosmic (lacking olfactory input) individuals, although normals exhibit greater NI sensitivity. (b) Inhalation duration, in both groups, declines only with trigeminal activation sufficient to cause readily perceptible NI in anosmics. Changes in eye blink rate and breathing may be useful in the investigation of irritation and other effects of air pollution, and could be quite useful in investigations of mixtures of volatile organic compounds.
    • Number of References:
      25
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    • Accession Number:
      0 (Air Pollutants)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20010907 Date Completed: 20011018 Latest Revision: 20181113
    • Publication Date:
      20240829
    • Accession Number:
      PMC1240573
    • Accession Number:
      10.1289/ehp.01109s4507
    • Accession Number:
      11544155