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Wastewater Disposal Wells, Fracking, and Environmental Injustice in Southern Texas.
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- Author(s): Johnston, Jill E.; Werder, Emily; Sebastian, Daniel
- Source:
American Journal of Public Health. Mar2016, Vol. 106 Issue 3, p550-556. 7p. - Source:
- Additional Information
- Subject Terms: SEWAGE disposal in the ground; INJECTION wells; HYDRAULIC fracturing; INDUSTRIAL pollution; SEWAGE & the environment; RACE; PEOPLE of color; WHITE people; POPULATION research; MINERAL industry statistics; CONFIDENCE intervals; MAPS; MINERAL industries; POISSON distribution; POPULATION geography; POVERTY; REGRESSION analysis; RESEARCH funding; RURAL population; SOCIAL justice; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ODDS ratio
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Objectives. To investigate race and poverty in areas where oil and gas wastewater disposal wells, which are used to permanently inject wastewater from hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations, are permitted. Methods. With location data of oil and gas disposal wells permitted between 2007 and 2014 in the Eagle Ford area, a region of intensive fracking in southern Texas, we analyzed the racial composition of residents living less than 5 kilometers from a disposal well and those farther away, adjusting for rurality and poverty, using a Poisson regression. Results. The proportion of people of color living less than 5 kilometers from a disposal well was 1.3 times higher than was the proportion of non-Hispanic Whites. Adjusting for rurality, disposal wells were 2.04 times (95% confidence interval = 2.02,2.06) as common in areas with 80% people of color or more than in majority White areas. Disposal wells are also disproportionately sited in high-poverty areas. Conclusions. Wastewater disposal wells in southern Texas are disproportionately permitted in areas with higher proportions of people of color and residents living in poverty, a pattern known as "environmental injustice." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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