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Comparative cardiopulmonary toxicity of exhausts from soy-based biofuels and diesel in healthy and hypertensive rats.
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- Author(s): Bass, Virginia L. (AUTHOR); Schladweiler, Mette C. (AUTHOR); Nyska, Abraham (AUTHOR); Thomas, Ronald F. (AUTHOR); Miller, Desinia B. (AUTHOR); Krantz, Todd (AUTHOR); King, Charly (AUTHOR); Ian Gilmour, M. (AUTHOR); Ledbetter, Allen D. (AUTHOR); Richards, Judy E. (AUTHOR); Kodavanti, Urmila P. (AUTHOR)
- Source:
Inhalation Toxicology. Sep2015, Vol. 27 Issue 11, p545-556. 12p. - Source:
- Additional Information
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Increased use of renewable energy sources raise concerns about health effects of new emissions. We analyzed relative cardiopulmonary health effects of exhausts from (1) 100% soy biofuel (B100), (2) 20% soy biofuel + 80% low sulfur petroleum diesel (B20), and (3) 100% petroleum diesel (B0) in rats. Normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed to these three exhausts at 0, 50, 150 and 500 μg/m3, 4 h/day for 2 days or 4 weeks (5 days/week). In addition, WKY rats were exposed for 1 day and responses were analyzed 0 h, 1 day or 4 days later for time-course assessment. Hematological parameters,in vitroplatelet aggregation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) markers of pulmonary injury and inflammation,ex vivoaortic ring constriction, heart and aorta mRNA markers of vasoconstriction, thrombosis and atherogenesis were analyzed. The presence of pigmented macrophages in the lung alveoli was clearly evident with all three exhausts without apparent pathology. Overall, exposure to all three exhausts produced only modest effects in most endpoints analyzed in both strains. BALF γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity was the most consistent marker and was increased in both strains, primarily with B0 (B0 > B100 > B20). This increase was associated with only modest increases in BALF neutrophils. Small and very acute increases occurred in aorta mRNA markers of vasoconstriction and thrombosis with B100 but not B0 in WKY rats. Our comparative evaluations show modest cardiovascular and pulmonary effects at low concentrations of all exhausts: B0 causing more pulmonary injury and B100 more acute vascular effects. BALF GGT activity could serve as a sensitive biomarker of inhaled pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Abstract: Copyright of Inhalation Toxicology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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