Institutions: Revive universities of the Muslim world.

The authors argue that a revival of universities in 57 Muslim-majority countries, part of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), would increase the presence of OIC individuals in science. Topics include the use of narrow content and outdated teaching methods in OIC university science programs, an increase in the production of OIC science papers despite the average remaining below countries with similar gross domestic product, and the launch a voluntary Network of Excellence of Universities for Science.