Une souveraineté à l'encre sympathique ? Souveraineté autochtone et appropriations territoriales dans les traités franco-africains au XIXe siècle. (French)

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    • Alternate Title:
      Writing Sovereignty with Invisible Ink: Indigenous Sovereignty and Territorial Appropriation in French-African treaties (XIXth Century). (English)
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    • Abstract:
      This paper focuses on the modes of territorial appropriation that characterized the transition from the old to the new colonial regime, during the period when Europeans built their colonial empires in Africa. It offers an analysis of the juridical construction of colonial territorialities based on a corpus of treaties concluded by agents of the French colonial authority and African chiefs, a kind of legal device as-yet little explored by historians of international law. The terminology used in these treaties reveals that European negotiators hardly grasped the meaning of the legal frameworks they pretended to impose onto African chiefs. During the last decades of the nineteenth century, the protectorate became the most usual modality of regulating sovereignty on newly acquired territories. This implied the emergence of forms of sovereignty-sharing or sovereignty-lending based on the distinction of external and internal sovereignty. The consent of African chiefs to such arrangements would therefore hang on whether they considered their territorial sovereignty as divisible or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
    • Abstract:
      Cet article analyse les modalités de l'appropriation territoriale qui caractérisent la période de transition entre ancien et nouveau régime colonial, pendant laquelle les Européens ont construit leur territoire colonial en Afrique. Il aborde la construction juridique de la souveraineté coloniale en étudiant un corpus de traités conclus entre représentants de l'autorité coloniale française et chefs d'État africains au XIXe siècle – un instrument juridique d'appropriation peu étudié jusqu'à présent par les historiens du droit international. La terminologie en usage dans ces traités révèle l'indétermination des catégories et, à travers elle, les incertitudes des négociateurs européens quant au régime de domination qu'ils entendent imposer, jusqu'à ce que le protectorat émerge finalement comme le dispositive juridique le plus courant pour régler les partages et les transferts de souveraineté, reposant sur une distinction entre souveraineté extérieure et intérieure. Dès lors, le consentement ou non des chefs africains à ce type d'arrangement juridique dépend de leur conception de leur souveraineté comme divisible ou indivisible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
    • Abstract:
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