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Étude archéo-ichtyofaunique des sites magdaléniens du Taillis des Coteaux et de La Piscine (Vallée de la Gartempe, Vienne). Taphonomie, biodiversité et techniques de pêche. (French)
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- Author(s): GUILLAUD, Emilie
- Source:
Cybium: International Journal of Ichthyology; 2015, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p70-70, 1p- Subject Terms:
- Source:
- Additional Information
- Alternate Title: Ichthyoarchaeological studies of the Magdalenian sites of Le Taillis des Coteaux and La Piscine (Gartempe basin, Vienne). Taphonomy, biodiversity and fishing techniques. (English)
- Abstract: The exploitation of aquatic resources by Magdalenian populations in northern France is still largely unknown. This thesis addresses this gap through the study of ichthyofaunal remains from the caves of Le Taillis des Coteaux and La Piscine (Gartempe basin, Vienne). The identified remains consist mostly of salmonids (grayling, trout and salmon) and are represented almost exclusively by vertebral elements. The development of new methodologies, such as the application of morphometric analysis and sclerochronology, has allowed us to optimize the study of this type of material. We have developed a discriminating model using geometric morphometrics in order to distinguish between salmon and trout. The application of the knn method permits us to identify these species with 90% certainty. The application of sclerochronology to scales in the archaeological record allowed us to determine fishing season and to reconstruct Magdalenian grayling growth. The results show that fishing was practiced during springtime and that the grayling growth during the Magdalenian period was similar to the growth of current Scandinavian populations. This thesis also addresses the determination of fish bone accumulators present in a karst landscape. The establishment of a taphonomic reference that characterizes the effect of otters on fish bones allowed us to determine its potential role in the accumulation of archaeological deposits. This set of methods allows to improve techniques for species identification, increases our knowledge of subsistence strategies during the Magdalenian and provides information about the evolution of fish populations in the Gartempe basin. Finally, this thesis illustrates how the application of these new methods for ichthyo-archaeological studies contribute to the understanding of prehistoric societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: L'exploitation des ressources aquatiques par les populations magdaléniennes est encore largement méconnue pour le nord de la France. Cette thèse se fonde sur l'étude du matériel ichtyofaunique des sites du Taillis des Coteaux et de la Piscine (bassin de la Gartempe, Vienne). Les restes identifiés appartiennent majoritairement aux Salmonidae (ombre, truite, saumon) et sont représentés quasi-exclusivement par des éléments vertébraux. La mise en oeuvre de nouvelles méthodologies nous a permis d'optimiser l'étude de ce matériau, notamment par des développements en morphométrie et en sclérochronologie. Nous avons mis au point un modèle en morphométrie géométrique permettant de discriminer le saumon de la truite. L'application de la méthode des knn aux contours de forme permet de différencier ces espèces à plus de 90%. La sclérochronologie appliquée aux écailles se révèle utile pour la détermination des périodes de pêche et la reconstitution de la croissance de l'ombre au Magdalénien. La pêche s'exerçait essentiellement au printemps et la croissance des ombres était similaire à celle des populations scandinaves actuelles. La thèse aborde aussi le problème de l'agent responsable des accumulations osseuses de poisson en contexte karstique. La mise en place d'un référentiel taphonomique concernant la loutre nous a permis de caractériser sa signature sur le matériel osseux et de déterminer son éventuel rôle dans les dépôts. Cet ensemble de méthodes permet d'améliorer les techniques de détermination des espèces et d'approfondir les connaissances concernant non seulement les stratégies de subsistance mais aussi l'évolution des populations piscicoles au cours du temps dans le bassin de la Gartempe. Enfin, cette thèse vise à illustrer comment, et avec quelles limites, les nouvelles méthodes d'étude des restes archéo-ichtyofauniques peuvent contribuer à la compréhension des sociétés préhistoriques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of Cybium: International Journal of Ichthyology is the property of Societe Francaise d'Ichtyologie (SFI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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