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Trendy w emigracji siły roboczej krajów bałtyckich w latach 2003-2013. (Polish)
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- Author(s): Wołkonowski, Jarosław
- Source:
International Business & Global Economy; 2014, Issue 33, p140-153, 14p- Subject Terms:
- Source:
- Additional Information
- Alternate Title: Trends in changes in labour emigration of the Baltic countries in the years 2003-2013. (English)
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia have regained independence and accession to the EU have brought great transformations in economic and social life of the Baltic States. One of the determinants of these changes is international emigration. For many years Lithuania has maintained the highest rate of migration in the EU. Latvia follows close behind. The aim of this article is to determine the causes of such state of affairs and to assess the changes in emigration in the Baltic countries during the studied period, according to the level, structure, and destination countries. The study is based on the data acquired from statistical offices of the countries in question and the EU. The main reason for emigration of the inhabitants of these countries is striving for a higher level of prosperity. Economic theories of migration divide these reasons into „push factors“ and „pull factors“. The former include low standards of living in the country of birth or government policy, while the latter - good economic prospects in the destination country. Considerable impact on emigration was made by the crisis that started in Lithuania and Latvia in 2009 and resulted in over 15% decline in GDP. Young and middle-aged people constitute the main part of the emigrants in the studied countries and the nature of their migration is primarily profit-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Odzyskanie przez Litwę, Łotwę i Estonię niepodległości i wstąpienie ich do UE spowodowało duże zmiany w życiu gospodarczym i społecznym tych krajów, a jednym z wyznaczników owych przemian jest emigracja międzynarodowa. Na Litwie od wielu lat utrzymuje się najwyższa stopa emigracji w UE, tuż za nią podąża i Łotwa. Celem artykułu jest ustalenie przyczyn takiego stanu oraz ukazanie zmian zachodzących w poziomie emigracji, jej strukturze i w wyborze krajów docelowych przez emigrantów z krajów bałtyckich. Badań dokonano na podstawie danych urzędów statystycznych tych państw i UE. Główną przyczynę emigracji mieszkańców trzech wymienionych krajów bałtyckich stanowi dążenie do podniesienia poziomu dobrobytu, co zostało przedstawione w ekonomicznych teoriach emigracji o „czynnikach wypychających" i „czynnikach przyciągających". Do tych pierwszych zalicza się niski standard życia w kraju urodzenia i nieskuteczną politykę władz, do drugich zaś - dobre perspektywy ekonomiczne w kraju docelowym. Duży wpływ na emigrację wywarł również kryzys, który rozpoczął się na Litwie, Łotwie i Estonii w 2009 r. i spowodował spadek PKB o ponad 15%. Emigrację w tych krajach wybierają głównie ludzie młodzi oraz w średnim wieku, a ich wyjazdy mają przede wszystkim charakter zarobkowy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of International Business & Global Economy is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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