Long-chain fatty acids mediate hepatic metabolic flux in preruminating dairy calves fed flaxseed oil, high oleic soybean oil, or milk fat.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: American Dairy Science Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985126R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1525-3198 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00220302 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Dairy Sci Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: Champaign, IL : American Dairy Science Association
      Original Publication: Lancaster, Pa. [etc.]
    • Subject Terms:
      Soybean Oil*/metabolism ; Linseed Oil*/metabolism ; Milk*/chemistry ; Milk*/metabolism ; Fatty Acids*/metabolism ; Diet*/veterinary ; Liver*/metabolism; Animals ; Cattle ; Male ; Animal Feed
    • Abstract:
      Nutrition and physiological state affect hepatic metabolism. Our objective was to determine whether feeding flaxseed oil (∼50% C18:3n-3 cis), high oleic soybean oil (∼70% C18:1 cis-9), or milk fat (∼50% C16:0) alters hepatic expression of PC, PCK1, and PCK2 and the flow of carbons from propionate and pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in preruminating calves. Male Holstein calves (n = 40) were assigned to a diet of skim milk with either: 3% milk fat (MF; n = 8), 3% flaxseed oil (Flax; n = 8), 3% high oleic soybean oil (HOSO; n = 8), 1.5% MF + 1.5% high oleic soybean oil (MF-HOSO; n = 8), or 1.5% MF + 1.5% flaxseed oil (MF-Flax; n = 8) from d 14 to d 21 postnatal. At d 21 postnatal, a liver biopsy was taken for gene expression and metabolic flux analysis. Liver explants were incubated in [U- 13 C] propionate and [U- 13 C] pyruvate to trace carbon flux through TCA cycle intermediates or with [U- 14 C] lactate, [1- 14 C] palmitic acid, or [2- 14 C] propionate to quantify substrate oxidation to CO 2 and acid-soluble products. Compared with other treatments, plasma C18:3n-3 cis was 10 times higher and C18:1 cis-9 was 3 times lower in both Flax (Flax and MF-Flax) treatments. PC, PCK1, and PCK2 expression and flux of [U- 13 C] pyruvate as well as [U- 13 C] propionate were not different among treatments. PC expression was negatively correlated with the enrichment of citrate M+5 and malate M+3, and PCK2 was negatively correlated with citrate M+5, suggesting that when expression of these enzymes is increased, carbon from pyruvate enters the TCA cycle via PC-mediated carboxylation, and then oxaloacetate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate via PCK2. Acid-soluble product formation and PC expression were reduced in HOSO (MF-HOSO and HOSO) treatments compared with Flax (MF-Flax and Flax), indicating that fatty acids regulate PC expression and carbon flux, but that fatty acid flux control points are not connected to PC, PCK1, or PCK2. In conclusion, fatty acids regulate hepatic expression of PC, PCK1, and PCK2, and carbon flux, but the point of control is distinct.
      (The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: flaxseed oil; high oleic soybean oil; metabolic flux; preruminating calf
    • Accession Number:
      8001-22-7 (Soybean Oil)
      8001-26-1 (Linseed Oil)
      0 (Fatty Acids)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240614 Date Completed: 20240922 Latest Revision: 20240922
    • Publication Date:
      20240923
    • Accession Number:
      10.3168/jds.2023-24500
    • Accession Number:
      38876219