Efecto de la fertilización orgánica, la variedad y la época en el perfil polifenólico de Morus alba (L.).

ORGANIC fertilizers; BIOMASS; PLANT fertilization; PHYTOCHEMICALS; PHENOLS; FLAVONOIDS; COUMARINS

Con el objetivo de detectar los principales grupos de fenoles en la biomasa de la morera y determinar el efecto del abonado (0, 100, 300 y 500 kg N/ha/año), la variedad (Cubana, Indonesia, Tigreada y Acorazonada) y la época (periodo lluvioso y poco lluvioso), en el perfil polifenólico, se llevó a cabo una investigación con un diseño de bloques (al azar) con arreglo factorial 4 x 4 x 2 y cinco repeticiones. Mediante el tamizaje fitoquímico se evaluó la presencia de siete grupos de compuestos, para posteriormente, determinar sus concentraciones. Únicamente se detectaron fenoles (FT), flavonoides (Flav) y cumarinas (Cum), con presencia leve, notable o cuantiosa. Sólo se encontraron interacciones significativas entre los factores fertilización y variedad para los FT y las Cum (P<0,05). Los niveles máximos de FT y Cum encontrados en las hojas fueron de 2,86% MS (Tigreada abonada con 100 kg N/ha/año) y 0,65% MS (Cubana e Indonesia fertilizadas con 100 kg N/ha/año), respectivamente. Las mayores concentraciones de FT y Cum en los tallos tiernos se observaron en la variedad Acorazonada con 100 kg N/ha/año (1,55% MS) e Indonesia, con la aplicación de 500 kg N/ha/año (0,60% MS). En las hojas de las variedades (los contenidos de FT y Cum) tendieron a disminuir con el incremento de los niveles de fertilización, a excepción de las concentraciones de FT, en la variedad Cubana. En el caso de los Flav, no se observó un efecto significativo de los factores fertilización, variedad y época. Solamente en los FT de las hojas, se observó un efecto representativo de la época a favor del PLL. Los resultados permiten concluir que las concentraciones de los FT se ven afectadas por los niveles de fertilización, la variedad y la época. Los contenidos de Cum presentan variaciones significativas entre los niveles de abonado orgánico y las variedades. Los niveles de Flav no muestran fluctuaciones cuantiosas con ninguna de las variables estudiadas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the objective to detect the principal poliphenolic groups of mulberry edible biomass and to determine the effect of organic fertilization (0, 100, 300 and 500 kg N/ha/year), variety (Cubana, Indonesia, Tigreada and Acorazonada), and season high rainy and low rainy period in the phenolic profile, a research was carried out using a randomized block design with 4 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement and five repetitions. Through the use of phytochemical sieving, the presence of seven compound groups was evaluated, later to determine their concentrations. Phenols (FT), flavonoids (Flav) and coumarins (Cum), were detected solely, with slight presence, remarkable or numerous. Significant interactions between the factors fertilization and variety for the FT and the Cure were observed (P<0,05). The maximum levels of FT and Cum in the leaves were 2.86% DM (Tigreada fertilized with 100 kg N/ha/year), and 0.65% DM (Cubana and Indonesia fertilized with 100 kg N/ha/year), respectively. The greater concentrations of FT and Cum in the fresh stems were observed in the Acorazonada variety with 100 kg N/ha/year (1.55% DM) and Indonesia with application of 500 kg N/ha/year (0.60% DM). In the leaves of the varieties, the contents of FT and Cum tended to diminish with the increase of the fertilization levels with the exception of the concentrations of FT in the Cubana variety. In the Flay case, a significant effect of the factors was not observed (fertilization, variety nor season). Only, in the FT of the leaves, a significant effect of season was observed. The concentrations of the FT were affected by the levels of fertilization, the variety and the season. The Cum contents showed significant variations between the levels of organic fertilization and the varieties. The levels of Flav did not show numerous fluctuations with any of the variables studied [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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